论平台资本主义的变与不变——兼评左翼的解决策略  

On the Changes and Unchanges of Platform Capitalism——Also on the Strategies of the Left Wing to Solve Them

作　　者：焦佩 JIAO Pei(College of Marxism,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学马克思主义学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《探索》2021年第2期61-73,共13页Probe

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪韩国左翼运动和社会思潮研究”(20BKS165),项目负责人:焦佩。

摘　　要：当数据成为主要生产资料、平台成为数据枢纽时,数字资本主义升级为平台资本主义。从其表象来看,平台资本主义是资本主义自我调适的一种新变化,具有参与门槛低、灵活性高、透明性高、协同性高的“一低三高”特征,因而被认为是“共享经济”与“自营经济”,开启了一条通往减少剥削、实现共同繁荣的后资本主义道路。从其本质来看,它并未改变资本主义生产关系,具有竞争性高、稳定性低、监视性高、分散性高的“三高一低”特征,是“零工经济”与“无合同经济”,只会加速新自由主义的推进和资本主义矛盾的不可调和。为此,西方左翼人士希望通过平台合作主义、数据算法开源化、平台联合斗争、普遍基本收入制度来加以解决。但是,这些无法触及资本主义本质的措施根本不能有效解决平台资本主义内在的矛盾与冲突。这也说明,马克思主义对资本主义的基本判断并没有因为平台资本主义的出现而过时。When data becomes the main means of production and platform becomes the data hub,digital capitalism is upgraded to platform capitalism.From its appearance,platform capitalism seems to be a new change of self-adjustment of capitalism,with the characteristics of“one low and three high”,namely,low threshold of participation,high flexibility,high transparency,and high synergy.Therefore,it is regarded as“sharing economy”and“self-employed economy”,opening a post capitalist road to reduce exploitation and realize common prosperity.However,from its essence,it does not change the capitalist production relations.It has the characteristics of“three highs and one low”with high competitiveness,low stability,high surveillance,and high decentralization.It is regarded as“gig economy”and“non contract economy”.It will only accelerate the promotion of neo liberalism and the irreconcilable contradiction of capitalism.To this end,the Western left-wing hopes to solve these problems through platform cooperationism,open-source institutions,platform joint struggle and universal basic income system.However,these measures that cannot touch the essence of capitalism may not effectively solve the internal contradictions and conflicts of platform capitalism.This also shows that the basic judgment of Marxism on capitalism is not outdated in despite of the emergence of platform capitalism.

关 键 词：平台资本主义 资本主义新变化 资本主义本质 西方左翼 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D0-0[政治法律—政治学]