天目山天然混交林群落优势树种种群结构与空间格局  

Population Structure and Spatial Pattern of Dominant Tree Species in Natural Mixed Forest Community of Tianmu Mountain,China

作　　者：李燕[1] 刘成功 Li Yan;Liu Chenggong(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Huangshan University,Huangshan,245041;CAF Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing,100091)

机构地区：[1]黄山学院生命与环境科学学院,黄山245041 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第12期5744-5757,共14页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：黄山学院科学研究项目(2014xkj002)资助。

摘　　要：为探明天目山自然保护区混交林优势树种种群特征,应用相邻格子法分析了乔木层的树种组成特征,并通过空间代替时间法、种群年龄结构动态指数、聚集度指标测定等方法对天目山混交林群落优势树种种群的空间分布格局及其动态进行了系统研究。结果表明:6400 m2的样地内统计得到株数超过5株且DBH≥5 cm的乔木层树种1096株,分属12科15属18种。重要值大小显示细叶青冈、青冈栎、杉木、绵槠、山矾和交让木属于群落内的优势树种。其中,细叶青冈种群结构近似正态分布,但幼树丰富,幼苗远多于大树,属增长种群。青冈栎、绵槠、山矾种群的幼苗和大树较少,幼树和中树较多,交木种群幼苗、幼树、中树的个体数相当,大树较少,种群更新潜力均有限,种群基本稳定或有衰退趋势。杉木种群呈现正"J"型,属于衰退型种群,但p值显示其具备很好的抗外界风险能力。在种群水平上,细叶青冈、杉木和交让木种群呈均匀分布,青冈栎种群呈泊松分布,绵楮和山矾种群呈聚集分布。在不同发育水平上,细叶青冈种群幼树阶段呈泊松分布,幼苗、中树和大树均表现聚集分布;青冈栎种群在幼苗和幼树阶段呈聚集分布,中树和大树阶段呈均匀分布;杉木种群不同发育阶段均为均匀分布;绵槠和山矾种群在幼苗、幼树和中树阶段呈聚集分布,大树阶段呈均匀分布;交让木种群表现为大树的聚集分布,幼苗、幼树和中树的均匀分布。结果表明,天目山自然保护区混交林优势树种种群结构和分布格局在时间上和空间上的变化反映了各优势种相互间此消彼长的竞争关系和群落演替规律,随着时间的变化,在未来阔叶树种将逐渐成为该群落的稳定顶级群落。To detect the population characteristics of dominant species in mixed forest in the Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve,the method of contiguous grid quadrants was applied to conduct comprehensive analyze the characteristics of species composition in the arbor layer.Meanwhile,the spatial distribution pattern and dynamics of dominant species in Tianmu Mountain mixed forest community were systematically studied by means of spatial substitution time method,population age structure dynamic index and aggregation index measurement.The results showed that there were 1096 free-standing individuals with more than 5 trees and DBH≥5 cm recorded in the 6400 m^(2) plot,belonging to 18 species,15 genera and 12 families.The order of important values showed that Cyclobalanopsis gracilis,Cyclobalauopsis glauca,Cuuuiughamia lanceolata,Lithocarpus harlandii,Symplocos caudata and Daphniphyllum macropodum were dominant species in the community.There were abundant saplings in C.gracilis population.The seedlings were much more than old trees,and the population structure was similar to normal distribution and belongs to growing group.C.glauca,L.harlandii and,S.caudata were of basically stable or declining since theirs saplings,middle trees were numerous and seedlings,old trees were scarce.D.macropodum was of basically stable or declining since its seedlings,saplings and middle trees were equal,but the old trees was fewer.In a word,the regeneration potential of C.glauca,L.harlandii,S.caudata and D.macropodum populations was limited and sensitive to external risks.The community of C.lanceolata was in the"J"shape,and the population belonged to recessing group.However,p value showed that Chinese fir population had good resistance to external risks.In the population level,L.harlandii and S.caudata were distributed in a clumped pattern,C.gracilis,C.lanceolata and D.macropodum were distributed in an even pattern,and C.glauca populations in a Poisson’s pattern.In different developmental levels,Among them C.gracilis showed a Poisson’s

关 键 词：天目山 混交林 优势树种 种群结构 空间分布格局 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]