优化施肥对低温下玉米出苗、生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Optimized Fertilization on the Emergence,Growth and Yield of Maize at Low Temperature

作　　者：孙磊[1] 王丽华 高中超[1] 佟玉欣[1] 张磊[1] 常本超[1] 王爽[1] SUN Lei;WANG Lihua;GAO Zhongchao;TONG Yuxin;ZHANG Lei;CHANG Benchao;WANG Shuang(Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第S01期227-233,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300405);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA17B001)。

摘　　要：为了研究生物有机肥、硅钙肥和锌肥几种不同施肥方式对玉米出苗、生长和产量的影响,以德美亚1号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设置2期播种期,对第1期播种玉米进行肥料处理,第2期播种的玉米不施肥,探讨了几种优化施肥方式对低温下玉米出苗率、苗期生物量、根系生长、生理特性以及玉米生长和产量的影响。结果显示,低温条件下,各优化施肥均可以提高玉米出苗率,T2、T3和T4处理在第4,6,8天的出苗率均较T1处理明显提高;苗期植株干鲜质量提高,T2、T3和T4处理的植株鲜质量分别是T1的1.77,2.26,2.07倍;可溶性蛋白含量提高,T2、T3和T4处理的可溶性蛋白含量分别是T1处理的1.19,1.95,2.09倍;根长、根表面积、根体积、超氧化物歧化酶含量均有所提高;除了T4处理的POD含量低于T1处理,其他处理POD含量均高于T1;T2处理的脯氨酸含量低于T1处理,其他处理脯氨酸含量高于T1处理。各优化施肥处理提高了穗位高;T3处理较T1处理提高了植株株高,T2和T4处理的株高略低于T1处理。各优化施肥处理均能提高玉米产量。综合看来,全量生物有机肥(450 kg/hm^(2))改善低温对苗期的伤害和促进玉米生长的效果更好。In order to study the effects of bio organic fertilizer,silicon calcium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on emergence,growth and yield of maize.We took of Demeya 1 as experimental materials,experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications.Set up two sowing dates,the first stage of sowing corn was fertilized,and the second stage was not fertilized.Then studied emergence rate,biomass,root growth,physiological characteristics,growth and yield of maize.The results showed that under low temperature condition,the seedling emergence rate could be increased by each optimized fertilization,the seedling emergence rate of T2,T3 and T4 treatments on the 4th,6th and 8th days were significantly higher than T1 treatment.The fresh weight of T2,T3 and T4 treatments were 1.77,2.26 and 2.07 times as big as T1 treatment,respectively.The soluble protein content of T2,T3 and T4 were 1.19,1.95 and 2.09 as big as T1 treatment,respectively.And root length,root surface area,root volume and superoxide dismutase content were increased by each optimized fertilization.The POD content of T4 treatment was lower than that of T1 treatment,the POD content of other treatment was higher than that of T1.The proline content of T2 treatment was lower than that of T1 treatment,and the proline content of other treatment was higher than that of T1 treatment.All fertilization increased the height of ear,the plant height of T3 was higher than that of T1,and plant height of T2 and T4 was slightly lower than that of T1.The yield of maize was increased by the optimized fertilization.The effect of T3 treatment(450 kg/ha total bio organic fertilizer)on improving the injury of low temperature to seedlings and promoting the growth of maize was better.

关 键 词：玉米 生物有机肥 低温 出苗率 产量 

分 类 号：S146.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]