施氮量对半矮秆油菜产量、干物质积累及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Applied Rates on Yield,Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Semi-dwarf Oilseed Rape

作　　者：严红梅 汤维群 李虹桥 谢露瑶 彭霄[1] 胡跃 郭世星[1] 吴永成[1,2,3] YAN Hongmei;TANG Weiqun;LI Hongqiao;XIE Luyao;PENG Xiao;HU Yue;GUO Shixing;WU Yongcheng(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Chengdu 611130,China;Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [3]作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第S01期250-255,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：四川省农作物育种攻关栽培课题(2016NYZ0051);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队(sccxtd2020-03)。

摘　　要：为了探明甘蓝型半矮秆油菜的干物质和氮素积累特点以及高产高效栽培的适宜施氮量,以半矮秆油菜佳油JS-1为材料,研究施氮量(0~360 kg/hm^(2))对半矮秆油菜籽粒产量、植株干物质积累以及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:施氮量对半矮秆油菜籽粒产量、植株氮素积累量以及氮肥利用率均有显著影响。半矮秆油菜籽粒产量、植株氮素积累量以及氮肥农学利用率随着施氮量增加(90~360 kg/hm^(2))均呈现出先升后降的趋势,在施氮量270 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大值;而氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量加大而降低。不同施氮水平下,半矮秆油菜干物质快速积累的起始时间和终止时间均晚于氮素快速积累的起始时间和终止时间。在合理施氮量(180~270 kg/hm^(2))下,半矮秆油菜干物质积累最大速率出现时间延后,干物质及氮素快速积累的终止时间推迟、持续时间延长。在四川盆地稻油轮作系统下,半矮秆油菜直播栽培的合理施氮量为180~270 kg/hm^(2),可较好地协同实现高产与氮肥高效利用。In order to explore the characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and find out the appropriate nitrogen application amount for high yield and high efficiency in semi-dwarf oilseed rape,the semi-dwarf rapeseed Jiayou JS-1 was used as the material to study the nitrogen application rate(0-360 kg/ha)on semi-dwarf rapeseed yield,plant dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization.The results indicated that plant height,nitrogen application had significant effects on seed yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization rate of semi-dwarf rapeseed.The grain yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and agronomic nitrogen utilization of semi dwarf rape all increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application(90-360 kg/ha),reaching the maximum value when the nitrogen application was 270 kg/ha,while the partial nitrogen production decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.Under different nitrogen application levels,the start time and end time of rapid dry matter accumulation in semi dwarf rape were later than that of rapid nitrogen accumulation.Under the reasonable nitrogen application(180-270 kg/ha),the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation in semi-dwarf rape had been delayed,and the termination time for the rapid accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen had been delayed and prolonged.Under the rice-rapeseed rotation system in Sichuan basin,the reasonable nitrogen application amount of direct-seeding semi-dwarf rapeseed was 180-270 kg/ha,which coud achieve high yield and high use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：半矮秆油菜 产量 干物质积累 氮素吸收 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]