罗非鱼养殖水体水质参数与菌群多样性分析  

Analysis of Water Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Aquaculture Water of Tilapia

作　　者：朱莉飞[1] 李伟[2] 周雨琪 刘慧君 张欣[1] 王赛赛 孙砚胜[1] ZHU Lifei;LI Wei;ZHOU Yuqi;LIU Huijun;ZHANG Xin;WANG Saisai;SUN Yansheng(Beijing Fisheries Research Institute,Beijing 100068,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水产科学研究所,北京100068 [2]中国科学院,生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]北京农学院,北京102206

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第S01期416-423,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503108);北京市青年拔尖个人项目(2018000021223ZK34);北京高等学校高水平人才交叉培养实培计划大学生毕业设计(科研类)项目(PXM2020-014207-000009)。

摘　　要：为探究罗非鱼养殖密度对养殖水体水质参数及菌群多样性的影响,开展30 d养殖密度试验。通过水质监测和组织病理学检测,结合Illumina Miseq进行养殖水体细菌16S rDNA高通量测序,分析养殖密度、水质参数与菌群多样性三者相关性。结果表明,养殖密度对肝脏组织无显著影响,但随养殖密度增加罗非鱼鳃小叶变形扭曲、部分末端膨大甚至脱落。养殖水体中溶解氧含量随养殖密度增加而降低(P<0.05),氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮等无机氮类含量呈阶段性变化。水质参数相关系数矩阵及载荷分析结果显示,不同养殖密度组水体硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮均为中等强度相关;低密度和高密度组溶解氧与氨氮呈负中等强度相关,中密度组中溶解氧与氨氮呈负极强相关。不同养殖密度水体中菌群丰度存在差异,优势菌属为黄杆菌属、新鞘脂菌属、hgcl_clade、大单胞菌属等多具备污染物降解能力的细菌。上述结果表明,罗非鱼中等养殖密度下保证足够的供氧量可促进水体中无机氮的降解,结合有效的水处理可保证鱼类生长,将能带来最大化的经济效应。To investigate the effect of tilapia cultivation density on water quality parameters and bacterial diversity,water quality monitoring was carried out.After 30 days of breeding experiment,water samples were collected to detected the diversity and abundance of bacteria though Illumina Miseq 16S rDNA gene sequence,meanwhile histopathological examination was conducted.The results showed that the rearing density of tilapia did not affect liver tissue.With the increase of rearing density,gills presented pathological changes such as twist,enlarged ends and even loss of branchial lobule.The dissolved oxygen content in aquaculture water decreased with the increase of rearing density(P<0.05).The correlation coefficient matrix of water quality parameters and load analysis showed that the nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water of different culture density groups were moderately correlated.Dissolved oxygen in the low-density and high-density groups was negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen in medium intensity,while dissolved oxygen in the medium-density group was negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen.The rearing densities lead to different abundance of bacteria in aquaculture water.The dominant bacteria were Flavobacterium,Sphingomonas,hgcl_clade,and Macrosomonas and so on,and most of them had the ability to degrade pollutants.The above results showed that adequate oxygen supply in medium-culture density of tilapia could promote the degradation of inorganic nitrogen in water,and the combination of effective water treatment could ensure the growth of fish,which could bring the maximum economic effect.

关 键 词：罗非鱼 养殖密度 水质 菌群多样性 16S rDNA高通量测序 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]