土壤水分调控对滴灌青贮玉米作物系数和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Soil Moisture Regulation on Crop Coefficient and Water Use Efficiency of Dri-pirrigated Silage Maize

作　　者：佟长福[1] 李和平[1] 石祥芝 曹雪松[1] 罗鹏怀 李生众 TONG Chang-fu;LI He-ping;SHI Xiang-zhi;CAO Xue-song;LUO Peng-huai;LI SHENG-zhong(The Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Huhhot 010020,China;Hulunbeier Hydraulic Investigation Design Institure of Inner Mongolia,Hailaer 021008,Inner Mongolia,China;Water Conservancy Bureau of Wushen Banner,Erdos 017300,Inner Mongolia,China;Horqin District Molimiao Irrigation District Management Office,Tongliao 017300,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [2]呼伦贝尔市水利局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [3]乌审旗水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017300 [4]内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区莫力庙灌区管理所,内蒙古通辽028031

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第3期1-6,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFC040320504);水利部灌溉试验重点站(内蒙古鄂尔多斯灌溉试验站-2020年任务);中国水科院科研专项项目(MK2019J03和MK2018J05)。

摘　　要：为了探索提高滴灌青贮玉米水分利用效率,进行了连续2年的田间灌溉试验,研究了滴灌条件下不同土壤水分调控(4个灌水水平:70%θfc、60%θfc、50%θfc、40%θfc)对滴灌青贮玉米作物系数和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,青贮玉米拔节-抽雄期受旱,比对照处理减产27150 kg/hm^(2),减产率达到41.8%,为青贮玉米需水的关键期;青贮玉米耗水量(ETa)与产量呈现出二次抛物线关系,相关性为0.9118;青贮玉米各处理作物系数在播种-苗期为0.81~0.97,苗期-拔节期0.97~1.32,拔节-抽雄期达到最大值0.98~1.63,抽雄-收割期0.59~1.07,整个生育期的作物系数呈二次抛物线形;不同降水量与水分调控条件下,降水量较小的年份,灌水量对青贮玉米水分利用效率影响较明显;反之,灌水量对青贮玉米水分利用效率影响不显著。In order to explore how to improve the water use efficiency of drip irrigated silage maize,field irrigation experiments were carried out for two consecutive years,and the effects of different soil moisture regulation(four irrigation levels,70%θfc、60%θfc、50%θfc、40%θfc)on crop coefficient and water use efficiency of drip irrigated silage maize were studied.The results showed that the jointing-heading stage of silage maize were the critical period of water demand for silage maize,compared with the control treatment,the yield was reduced by 27150 kg/hm^(2),and the yield reduction rate was 41.8%;water consumption(ETa)of silage maize showed a quadratic parabola relationship with yield,and the correlation was 0.9118;the crop coefficients of silage maize were 0.81~0.97 in sowing-seedling stage,0.97~1.32 in seedling-jointing stage,0.98~1.63 in jointing-heading stage and 0.59~1.07 in heading harvest stage.The crop coefficient of the whole growth period was a quadratic parabola.Under different precipitation and water regulation conditions,irrigation amount had a more obvious effect on the water use efficiency of silage maize in the year with smaller precipitation.On the contrary,the irrigation amount had no significant effect on the water use efficiency of silage maize.

关 键 词：土壤水分 青贮玉米 作物系数 水分利用效率 滴灌 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]