8种杀菌剂对9种薄壳山核桃炭疽病病原菌的毒力测定  

Toxicity Test with 8 Fungicides Against 9 Pathogens of Pecan Anthracnose(Colletotrichum spp.)

作　　者：孟珂 张亚波[2] 常君[2] 李志红 王迪[1] 翟凤艳[1] 舒金平[2] MENG Ke;ZHANG Ya-bo;CHANG Jun;LI Zhi-hong;WANG Di;ZHAI Feng-yan;SHU Jin-ping(He’nan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,He’nan,China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院,河南新乡453003 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2021年第1期153-164,共12页Forest Research

基　　金：中国林科院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2019ZB002);浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2017SY18)。

摘　　要：[目的]测定8种杀菌剂对9种炭疽菌(26个菌株)的室内毒力,筛选出防治薄壳山核桃炭疽病的高效药剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对26株炭疽菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,构建毒力回归方程,并计算EC50值。[结果]供试8种杀菌剂中,咪鲜胺和咯菌腈对所分离的9种炭疽菌(26个菌株)菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,平均EC50值分别为0.14、0.15 mg·L^(−1)。戊唑醇对C.fioriniae、C.liaoningense、C.tamarilloi和C.americae-borealis菌丝生长的抑制作用较强(平均EC50=0.49 mg·L^(−1)),但对另5种炭疽菌效果不明显(平均EC50=23.60 mg·L^(−1))。恶醚唑对C.nymphaeae、C.siamense、C.alienum、C.fioriniae和C.coelogynes菌丝生长的抑制作用较强(平均EC50=0.81 mg·L^(−1)),但对另4种炭疽菌抑制效果一般(平均EC50=2.00 mg·L^(−1))。代森锰锌对9种病原菌菌丝生长的抑制性最差,平均EC50值为42.70 mg·L^(−1)。[结论]咪鲜胺、咯菌腈对薄壳山核桃炭疽菌具有较高的毒力,在薄壳山核桃炭疽病林间防治中具有较大的应用潜力。为避免产生抗药性,建议轮换使用咪鲜胺、咯菌腈、恶醚唑和甲基硫菌灵等杀菌剂。[Objective]To test the toxicity of 8 fungicides against Colletotrichum in laboratory and screen out effective fungicides to control pecan anthracnose.[Method]The method of comparing mycelia growth rate was used to determine the fungistasis of 8 fungicides to 26 strains of 9 Colletotrichum species,then the virulence regression equations were built,and the EC50 values for each fungicide were calculated.[Result]Among the 8 fungicides tested,Prochloraz and Fludioxonil showed the strongest fungistasis to mycelium growth of all trains,with an average EC50 value of 0.14 mg·L-1 and 0.15 mg·L-1,respectively.Tebuconazole had a strong fungistasis to mycelium growth of C.fioriniae,C.liaoningense,C.tamarilloi and C.americae-borealis(mean EC50=0.49 mg·L^(−1)),but showed a moderate inhibitory effect on other 5 species(mean EC50=23.60 mg·L^(−1)).Difenoconazole had a strong inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of five Colletotrichum species,C.nymphaeae,C.siamense,C.alienum,C.fioriniae and C.coelogynes(mean EC50=0.81 mg·L^(−1)),but showed low virulence for the other 4 species(mean EC50=2.00 mg·L^(−1)).The virulence of Mancozeb for the 9 pathogens was the worst,with the average EC50 value of 42.70 mg·L^(−1).[Conclusion]Prochloraz and Fludioxonil show high virulence for pecan anthracnose,and are the optimal candidates for field control against pecan anthracnose.It is suggested to use Prochloraz,Fludioxonil,Difenoconazole and Thiophanate-methyl in rotation to control pecan anthracnose effectively and avoid developing resistance.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 炭疽病 杀菌剂 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]