我国民商事域外取证的司法实践:现状、问题与对策  

China's Judicial Practice on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil and Commercial Matters:Current Situation,Problems and Solutions

作　　者：刘桂强 LIU Guiqiang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2021年第1期92-113,共22页Wuhan University International Law Review

摘　　要：对我国司法机关在2008-2018年协助外国调查取证的司法实践进行实证研究,可以发现存在诸多问题,包括取证周期过长、取证成功率较低等。同时,美国的审前证据开示程序以及现代信息技术的发展也对我国域外取证司法合作带来新的挑战、提出新的要求。造成上述问题的原因主要包括两方面:首先,《海牙取证公约》以及双边司法协助条约未能完全发挥其应有作用;其次,我国将调查取证视为司法职权的理念在一定程度上制约着取证合作的开展。为解决上述问题,我国需要从规范和理念层面双管齐下,一方面通过起草双边民商事司法协助条约范本,规范和完善域外取证的框架和机制;另一方面在高效便捷原则的指引下简化我国域外取证的程序。与此同时,还需要积极借鉴国外经验,发挥阻断性立法的作用,妥善解决中美两国在域外取证领域的法律冲突。This article conducts an empirical study regarding Chinese judicial authorities’ practice on assisting foreign countries to obtain evidence located in China from 2008 to 2018. After the analysis, it is found that some problems exist in practice, including the long period of execution and low success rate of execution. Meanwhile, the U.S. pretrial discovery and the modern information technology also bring new challenges and demands to China’s judicial practice on taking of evidence. The causes behind these problems are two-fold.First, the Hague Evidence Convention and bilateral treaties on judicial assistance have failed to play its expected role. Second, Chinese judicial authorities’ idea that taking of evidence is a an act within judicial functions and powers has also restricted China’s judicial cooperation with foreign countries.To solve the problems, a two-pronged approach should be adopted. On one hand, a model bilateral treaty on judicial assistance in civil and commercial matters shoud be drafted so as to standardize and improve China’s judicial cooperation mechanism. On the other hand, China’s judicial authorities should simplify the procedures for obtaining evidence by following the principle of efficiency and convenience. At the same time, in order to solve the conflicts of laws between China and the United States in the field of taking of evidence,China is advised to learn valuable experiences from foreign countries and take maximum advantage of the blocking statutes.

关 键 词：域外取证 司法协助 审前证据开示 现代信息技术 阻断法 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学]