云南省2019年8月龄-14岁儿童乙型肝炎血清流行率调查  

Seroprevalence for hepatitis B infection among children aged 8 months to 14 years in Yunnan province,2019

作　　者：李江嵘[1] 许琳[1] 康文玉[1] 余文[1] 李凯[1] 张杰[1] 唐婷婷[1] 李颖 Li Jiangrong;Xu Lin;Kang Wenyu;Yu Wen;Li Kai;Zhang Jie;Tang Tingting;Li Ying(Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2021年第1期87-90,共4页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的了解2019年云南省<15岁儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)血清流行率。方法采用分层随机抽样在云南省所有县(市、区)抽取387个乡镇1149个村(居委会、社区)的8月龄-14岁儿童,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)和乙肝核心抗体(HBcAb),分析三项标志物组合模式和阳性率。结果在21177名调查儿童中共检出8种HBsAg、HBsAb和HBcAb组合模式,其中三项指标均阴性、仅HBsAb阳性、HBsAb和HBcAb阳性、仅HBcAb阳性分别占31.26%、59.40%、6.46%、2.51%。儿童HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb总阳性率分别为0.37%、66.00%、9.17%;乙肝疫苗(HepB)全程接种、未全程接种、免疫史不详儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为0.35%、0.59%、0.82%(χ^(2)=5.27,P=0.07);首剂及时、不及时接种儿童分别为0.34%、0.58%(χ^(2)=4.48,P=0.03)。8月龄-4岁、5-9岁、10-14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为0.32%、0.43%、0.61%(趋势χ^(2)=5.05,P=0.03)。结论2019年云南省8月龄-14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率降至较低水平,但随年龄增长呈增加趋势;HepB接种对阻断儿童乙肝传播的效果显著。需进一步提高适龄儿童HepB全程和首剂及时接种率。Objective To determine seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)among children aged 8 months to 14 years in Yunnan province in 2019.Methods We used a stratified sampling method to select children aged 8 months to 14 years from 1149 villages of 387 townships from all counties of Yunnan.We tested sera for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb),and hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb)to determine combinations of positivity.Results Eight combinations among the three HBV markers were identified among 21177 children.Among all children,31.26%were negative to all the three markers;59.40%,6.46%,and 2.51%were positive to HBsAb only,both HBsAb and HBcAb,and HBcAb only.Overall positivity rates of HBsAg,HBsAb,and HBcAb were 0.37%,66.00%,and 9.17%.Positivity for HBsAg was 0.35%among children who had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB),0.59%among children who had received 1-2 doses,and 0.82%among children whose vaccination histories were unknown(χ^(2)=5.27,P=0.07).HBsAg positivity rates among children who had received timely versus untimely first-dose HepB(HepB1)were 0.34%and 0.58%(χ^(2)=4.48,P=0.03);for children aged 8 months to 4 years,5-9 years,and 10-14 years,positivity rates were 0.32%,0.43%,and 0.61%(trendχ^(2)=5.05,P=0.03).Conclusions HBsAg seroprevalence was low among children 8 months to 14 years of age in Yunnan in 2019;seroprevalence increased with increasing age.The HepB vaccination protocol significantly interrupted HBV transmission to children.We should increase coverage of full-series HepB vaccination and timely HepB1 vaccination among age-eligible children.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 乙型肝炎疫苗 血清流行率 儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]