延安地区苹果园食心虫种类及其种群消长动态调查  

Species and population dynamics of fruit-borer in apple orchards of Yan’an area

作　　者：陈秀琳 陈玉鑫 包琳杰 康乐 孙勇 李广伟 CHEN Xiulin;CHEN Yuxin;BAO Linjie;KANG Le;SUN Yong;LI Guangwei(Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube(Yan’an University),Yan’an 716000,China;College of Life Science,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省红枣重点实验室(延安大学),延安716000 [2]延安大学生命科学学院,延安716000

出　　处：《植物保护》2021年第2期219-225,238,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2018JM3044);延安大学校级科研项目(YDQ2018-22);国家大学生创新创业训练计划(201910719019;201813036)。

摘　　要：利用5种果树食心虫的性诱剂通过诱捕法调查了延安苹果产区苹果园中桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃蛀螟的发生情况及成虫在田间的种群消长动态;对梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力进行了测定。结果表明,在苹果园中发生的食心虫主要有桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫和李小食心虫3种,未诱捕到桃蛀螟和苹果蠹蛾。不同调查点的诱捕结果均表明,李小食心虫成虫种群数量最大,属于优势种群,梨小食心虫次之,桃小食心虫种群数量相对最小。桃小食心虫雄成虫1年有2个发生高峰期,越冬代成虫羽化出土极不整齐;梨小食心虫在苹果树整个生长季均可诱捕到,雄成虫1年具有不明显的4个发生盛期;李小食心虫越冬代成虫羽化较为整齐,雄成虫1年有2个明显的发生高峰期,该虫在延安地区年发生2代。梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”试验表明,2种食心虫的性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾均具有引诱活性,但梨小食心虫性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾的引诱能力均显著强于李小食心虫性诱剂,诱蛾量分别是李小食心虫性诱剂诱蛾量的2.75和2.30倍,2种食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力具有不对称性。本试验明确了延安苹果产区食心虫的种类组成及主要食心虫在田间的种群消长规律,对预测预报和治理苹果园食心虫提供了重要的参考依据。The occurrence and population dynamics of five fruit moth species,namely Carposina sasakii,Grapholita molesta,Grapholita funebrana,Cydia pomonella and Conogethes punctiferalis,were investigated in apple orchards of Yan’an by using sex pheromone lures trapping.The“interactive attraction”of pheromone lures between G.molesta and G.funebrana was further determined.The results showed that C.sasakii,G.molesta,and G.funebrana were found in the apple orchards,while C.pomonella and D.punctiferalis were not.Among the three trapped species,G.funebrana dominated in the sampling orchards,followed by G.molesta and C.sasakii.The male adults of C.sasakii had two peaks each year and emerged untidily in the overwintering generation.The male adults of G.molesta could be trapped with four inconspicuous peaks all year around.The overwintering G.funebrana emerged simultaneously.There were two obvious peaks and two generations each in the local orchards.“Interactive attraction”test showed that the pheromone lures of G.molesta and G.funebrana all had attractant activities to intra-and interspecific male moths,but the G.molesta pheromone lure had stronger intraspecific(2.75 times)and interspecific(2.30 times)attractiveness than that of G.funebrana.“Interactive attraction”abilities between the pheromone lures of G.molesta and G.funebrana were asymmetric.In this study,the species composition and the population dynamics of the main fruit-borers in Yan’an apple production area were clarified,which provided an important reference for the prediction and control of the apple orchard fruit-borers.

关 键 词：性诱剂 桃小食心虫 梨小食心虫 李小食心虫 交互引诱 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]