大兴安岭北部森林群落结构及植物多样性特征研究  

Forest Community Structure and Plant Diversity Characteristics in Northern Greater Khingan Mountains

作　　者：崔佳佳 铁牛[1] CUI Jia-jia;TIE Niu(Forest Institute,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2021年第2期24-30,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：大兴安岭火烧及采伐迹地幼苗更新和植被恢复影响机制及抚育技术(2017YFC0504003-2);大兴安岭白桦次生林生态修复关键技术研究与示范(2020GG0067)。

摘　　要：探究大兴安岭北部群落结构及植物多样性有助于了解当地森林稳定性,对该地区兴安落叶松林树种结构调整及科学经营提供理论依据。以大兴安岭北部过伐林与原始林为研究对象,分析过伐林与原始林不同的植物多样性特征及群落构建机制。结果表明:1)大兴安岭北部的过伐林共有20科31属36种植物,原始林共16科24属27种植物,过伐林的植物物种数量高于原始林。Shannon-Wiener多样性及Margalef丰富度指数原始林多于过伐林,Pielou均匀度和Simpson优势度在过伐林和原始林表现基本一致。2)大兴安岭北部过伐林在群落构建过程中环境过滤起主导作用,原始林研究区域内各物种在初期经历了环境过滤,后期经历了负密度制约。大兴安岭北部原始林的植物多样性和群落构建在目前的环境背景下随时间逐步趋于单一化,应对该群落进行适当采伐来引进聚集度高(同一属)的植物以增加群落的稳定性,采伐原始林胸径和冠幅较大的老龄化乔木来调节林木间的关系及改变群落的动态变化。Exploring community structure and plant diversity in the Northern Greater Khingan Mountains to understand the stability of local forests,and to provide theoretical basis for tree species structural adjustment and scientific management of Larix gmelinii forest in this area.The diversity characteristics and community construction mechanism of different plants were analyzed in over cutting forest and primitive forest in the Northern Greater Khingan Mountains.The results showed that 1)thirty six plant species,belonging to 20 families and 31 genera were found in over cutting forest,while the number of plant species found in primitive forest was 27,belonging to 16 families,and 24 genera.The number of plant species in the over cutting forest was higher than that in the primitive forest.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness of primitive forest were higher than those of over cutting forest,and the Pielou uniformity and Simpson dominance were consistent in both forests.2)In the process of community construction,environmental filtration played a leading role in over cutting forest.The species in the primitive forest experienced environmental filtration in the initial stage and negative density restriction in the later stage.Plant diversity and community construction of the primitive forest in the Northern Greater Khingan Mountains tends to be simplified over time under the present environment background.The community should be properly harvested to introduce plants with high concentration(same genus)to increase community stability.The aging tree with large crown and DBH of primitive forest should be harvested to regulate the relationship between trees and change the dynamic changes of the community.

关 键 词：过伐林 原始林 群落结构 植物多样性特征 

分 类 号：S757.2[农业科学—森林经理学]