金塔沙漠人工林植被物种多样性研究  

Vegetation Species Diversity of Artificial Forest in Jinta Desert

作　　者：滕玉风 马力 占玉芳 甄伟玲 钱万建 鲁延芳 田晓萍 TENG Yu-feng;MA LI;ZHAN Yu-fang;ZHEN Wei-ling;QIAN Wan-jian;LU Yan-fang;TIAN Xiao-ping(Zhangye Academy of Forestry,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]张掖市林业科学研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2021年第2期68-74,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“河西走廊人工沙漠植被土壤种子库的结构与萌发策略研究”(31560240)。

摘　　要：以金塔沙漠不同类型人工林为研究对象,通过采用样方调查法,对金塔沙漠不同类型的人工林植被群落物种组成、多样性特征,以及物种多样性和土壤水分含量相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)金塔生态环境脆弱,人工林植被群落物种组成简单,共有植物种26个,分属10科24属,主要以胡杨、沙枣、梭梭、花棒、假苇拂子茅、黑沙蒿、小果白刺、骆驼刺、沙拐枣、柽柳为优势种,反映了沙漠植被的特征。2)金塔沙漠人工林有乔木林和灌木林2种类型,乔木林植被群落类型为胡杨(柽柳、芦苇)×沙枣(花棒、黑沙蒿)群落、胡杨(假苇拂子茅)×沙枣(芦苇)群落,灌木林植被群落类型为柽柳(花花柴)×小果白刺(骆驼刺)群落、梭梭(河西菊)×沙拐枣(芦苇)群落。3)乔木林植物群落物种多样性水平较低,物种组成稀少,其物种丰富度为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,乔木层、草本层的Simpson指数均高于灌木层,Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-wiener指数均比灌木层的小,呈现出乔木层、草本层物种的集中程度较高、均匀度偏低的规律;灌木林植物群落物种多样性水平也较低,物种丰富度为灌木层>草本层,灌木层的Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数均比草本层的小,Simpson指数比草本层的大,反映出灌木层物种的集中程度偏高、均匀度偏低的规律。Taking different types of artificial forests occurring in the Jinta Desert as the research objects,the sampling survey method was used to study the species composition and diversity characteristics,as well as the correlation between species diversity and soil moisture content.The results showed that 1)the ecological environment in Jinta Desert was fragile,the plant species composition of the vegetation communities in artificial forest was simple.Totally,26 plant species,belonging to 10 families and 24 genera were found in the Jinta Desert.The dominant species were Populus euphratica,Elaeagnus angustifolia,Haloxylon ammodendron,Hedysarum scoparium,Calamagrostis pseudophragmites,Artemisia ordosica,Nitraria sibirica,Alhagi sparsifolia,Calligonum mongolicum,and Tamarix chinensis,which reflected the characteristics of desert vegetation.2)Arbor and shrub were two types of artificial forests existed in the Jinta Desert.The types of vegetation community of arbor forest included P.euphratica(T.chinensis,Phragmites australis)×E.angustifolia(H.scoparium,A.ordosica)community,P.euphratica(C.pseudophragmites)×E.angustifolia(P.australis)community.The community types of shrub forest were T.chinensis(Karelinia caspia)×N.sibirica(Alhagi sparsifolia)community,H.ammodendron(Hexinia polydichotoma)×C.mongolicum(P.australis)community.3)The level of the species diversity of arbor community was low,the species composition was simple,and the species richness was in the order of herbaceous layer>shrub layer>arbor layer;in the arbor and herb layers,the Simpson indices were higher than the shrub layer,the Pielou evenness index and the Shannon-wiener index in arbor layer were smaller than that of the shrub layer,showing a pattern of higher level of species concentration and lower level of evenness.The species diversity of the shrub community was alsolow,and the richness was in the order of brush layer>herb layer;the Shannon-wiener index and the Pielou evenness index of the shrub layer in the shrub community were smaller than those of the

关 键 词：金塔沙漠 沙漠植被 人工林 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]