基于应力波技术对海南岛海防林抗风树种的筛选  

Selection of Wind-resistant Tree Species for Coastal Protection Forests in Hainan Island Based on Stress Wave Technique

作　　者：郝清玉[1] 曹小林 HAO Qing-yu;CAO Xiao-lin(Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands of Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province,College of Life Sciences,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室,海南省热带动植物生态学重点实验室,海南师范大学生命科学学院,海南海口571158

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2021年第2期75-83,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“海南木麻黄海防林天然更新的影响因子及其种源筛选机制”(31760202)。

摘　　要：海南岛人工海防林树种多样性很低,主要造林树种仍然是木麻黄,因此筛选出适宜的更多海防林树种具有重要的生态意义。基于应力波传播技术,探究活立木弹性模量的影响因素,并基于25个树种木材密度和弹性模量的差异性筛选出抗风性能较强的树种。结果表明:1)较高弹性模量的树种有10个(5229.005~9503.209 MPa),从小到大的顺序依次为青皮、黄槿、马占相思、潺槁木姜子、柠檬桉、苦楝、榄仁树、大叶相思、银合欢和木麻黄。弹性模量中等的树种有6个,依次为莲叶桐、鹊肾树、凤凰木、橡胶树、湿地松和水黄皮(3183.930~4288.321 MPa)。弹性模量较低的树种有7个(539.702~3037.248 MPa),依次为火焰木、乌桕、海杧果、对叶榕、白楸、小叶榄仁和台湾相思。2)应力波速度和木材密度均与弹性模量呈显著正相关;胸径对弹性模量的影响较小;含水率对弹性模量的影响几乎可忽略不计。较高弹性模量的树种,木质坚硬,具有较强的抗风性能,可以作为海防林树种。弹性模量中等的树种也具有入选海防林树种的条件,不过可考虑将这些树种应用到风害较轻的区域。The diversity of tress species in the artificial coastal protection forest(CPF)of Hainan island is still very low,and Casuarina equisetifolia is still the main tree species for afforestation.Therefore,it is of great ecological significance to select more species suitable for CPF.In this paper,the impact factors of the elastic modulus for standing trees was explored,based on stress wave propagation technique.Tree species with strong wind resistance were selected according to the differences of wood density and elastic modulus of 25 tree species.The results showed that 1)10 species were found to present higher modulus of elasticity(5229.005-9503.209 MPa)with the order(from small to large)of Vatica mangachapoi,Hibiscus tiliaceus.Acacia mangium,Litsea glutinosa,Eucalyptus citriodora,Melia azedarach,Terminalia catappa,Acacia auriculiformis,Leucaena leucocephala,and Casuarina equisetifolia.Six tree species exhibited medium level of elastic modulus,and with the order(from small to large)of Hernandia sonora,Streblus asper,Delonix regia,Hevea brasiliensis,Pinus elliottii,and Pongamia pinnata(3183.930-4288.321 MPa).There were seven species with low elastic modulus(539.702-3037.248 MPa),which were in order(from small to large)of Spathodea campanulata,Sapium sebiferum,Cerbera manghas,Ficus hispida,Mallotus paniculatus,Terminalia neotaliala,and Acacia confusa.2)Stress wave propagation velocity and wood density were significantly and positively correlated with elastic modulus.The effect of DBH on elastic modulus was small.The effect of water content on elastic modulus was almost negligible.The woods of the tree species with higher elastic modulus were hard,and had strong wind resistance,therefore,they can be used as the species of CPF.On the other hand,the tree species with medium elastic modulus could also be considered as CPF species in the areas with less wind damage.

关 键 词：应力波传播速度 弹性模量 海防林 树种筛选 海南岛 

分 类 号：S728.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]