刺槐凋落叶腐解液对3种作物的化感效应  

Allelopathic Effect of Decomposed Liquid of Robinia pseudoacacia Leaf Litter on Three Crops

作　　者：何斐 崔鸣 孙娅 田潇 HE Fei;CUI Ming;SUN Ya;TIAN Xiao(School of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology,Ankang University,Ankang 725000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]安康学院现代农业与生物科技学院,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2021年第2期116-122,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901468);陕西省创新人才推进计划-青年科技新星项目(2020KJXX-003);研究生联合培养示范工作站专项(2016AYXNZX007)。

摘　　要：为探究刺槐凋落叶腐解液对3种常见作物的化感作用,以甜瓜、绿豆和油菜为受体材料,采用培养皿滤纸法,测定不同质量浓度(0、50、150 g·L^(-1)和250 g·L^(-1))刺槐凋落叶腐解液对3种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,综合评价其对不同作物的化感效应。结果表明,3种浓度刺槐凋落叶腐解液处理对绿豆和油菜种子简明活力指数均具有抑制作用,250 g·L^(-1)腐解液处理下绿豆和油菜种子简明活力指数分别较对照显著降低40.7%和19.8%;不同浓度刺槐凋落叶腐解液对甜瓜种子简明活力指数具有促进作用,250 g·L^(-1)腐解液处理下甜瓜种子简明活力指数较对照显著增加53.4%。与对照相比,刺槐凋落叶腐解液对绿豆和油菜幼苗胚根长、胚轴长和苗鲜重具有显著抑制作用,而对甜瓜幼苗生长具有促进作用,且随着腐解液浓度的升高,其抑制或促进作用逐渐增强。通过分析不同作物种子化感效应指数,得到化感综合效应强弱顺序依次为甜瓜>油菜>绿豆。刺槐凋落叶浸提液对绿豆的化感抑制作用最强,对油菜的化感抑制作用和对甜瓜的化感促进作用较弱。因此,在生产区植物配置中,绿豆和油菜应尽量避免与刺槐组合,以免因化感作用使其生长受到抑制。In order to explore the allelopathic effects of decomposed liquid of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter on crops,seeds of three commonly cultivated crops,i.e.,Cucumis melo,Vigna radiata and Brassica chinensis were taken as the objects.The seed germination and seedling growth indices were measured to comprehensively evaluate the allelopathic effects of the liquid with different concentrations(0,50,150 g·L^(-1),and 250 g·L^(-1))on three crops.The results showed that the simple vigor index of V.radiata and B.chinensis seeds were inhibited in the presence of the liquid.At the concentration of 250 g·L^(-1)decomposed liquid,the simple vigor indices of V.radiata and B.chinensis seeds decreased by 40.7%and 19.8%,respectively.Conversely,the application of the liquid with different concentrations enhanced the simple vigor index of C.melo.At the concentration of 250 g·L^(-1),the simple vigor index of C.melo was 53.4%higher than the control group.Compared to the control,the radical length,hypocotyl length and seedling fresh weight of V.radiata and B.chinensis were inhibited,while the seedling growth of C.melo was promoted with the application of the liquid,and the promotion intensity was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of the liquid.By analyzing the indices of allelopathic effect on three crops,the allelopathic effect was in the order of C.melo>B.chinensis>V.radiata.The decomposed liquid of R.pseudoacacia leaf litter showed the strongest allelopathic inhibitory effect on V.radiata,the weaker allelopathic inhibitory effect on B.chinensis and the weaker allelopathic promoting potential on C.melo.In conclusion,V.radiata and B.chinensis should not be planted with R.pseudoacacia in order to avoid being inhibited by allelopathic inhibitory effect of R.pseudoacacia.

关 键 词：腐解液 刺槐 凋落叶 化感作用 

分 类 号：S792.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]