《民法典》中合同形式瑕疵的补正规则——第490条第2款的理解和适用  

Rules of Supplement and Correction to Defects of Contract Form in the Civil Code——Understanding and Application of the Article 490 Clause 2

作　　者：彭诚信 赵诗文 Peng Chengxin;Zhao Shiwen

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2021年第1期54-66,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据时代个人数据保护与数据权利体系研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:18ZDA145。

摘　　要：《民法典》第490条第2款不仅规定了合同法定形式瑕疵的补正规则,同时也规定了意定形式下对履行的解释规则,但两者并未严格区分。补正规则的前提是形式之外存在真实有效的合意,合意的独立存在有赖于形式与意思表示可以分离。补正规则能够一般化,在于我国法中较为单一的书面法定形式类型;而履行能够实现书面形式有限的证明、提醒功能,则是补正瑕疵的关键因素。但是,若合同一方当事人无异议地接受另一方的履行,且足以引起履行一方的信赖,该信赖便应得到法律的承认与保护。Formal freedom is an important system in modern legal acts, and formal coercion is not uncommon but rather common. Formal coercion means that autonomy of will is restricted by law, so the Civil Code of China generally stipulates the rules of formal amendments. The basis for the correction of defects in the legal form is the existence of valid consensus, because the manifestation of intention and form can be separated. On this premise, the reason why the rules of supplement and correction can become general rules lies in the actual conditions of the legal forms of contracts of China, that is, the types of legal forms and their functions. The fulfillment of a contract for correcting formal defects, which is the proper meaning of the principle of good faith should be realized because of the purpose of formal norms. In the specific application of the rules, the formal purpose and the principle of good faith also play a key role.

关 键 词：合意 合同形式瑕疵 履行补正 诚实信用原则 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]