日照计的研究概况与发展趋势  

Research survey and development trend of sunshine recorder

作　　者：王雨畅 张国玉[1,2,3] 孙高飞 刘石[1,2,3] 杨俊杰 Wang Yuchang;Zhang Guoyu;Sun Gaofei;Liu Shi;Yang Junjie(Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;Key Laboratory of Optical Control and Optical information Transmission Technology^Ministry of Education,Changchun 130022,China;Jilin Province Engineering Research Center of Optical Measurement and Control Instrumentation,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学,长春130022 [2]光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春130022 [3]吉林省光电测控仪器工程技术研究中心,长春130022

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2020年第12期1-14,共14页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(20200602055ZP)项目;吉林省教育厅“十三五”科技项目(JJKH20181131KJ)资助。

摘　　要：日照时数是直接表征太阳辐射的强弱的重要参考指标。随着人们对太阳能的开发,日照时数的观测愈发重要。近年来,日照计逐渐摆脱了对人工的依赖,各种自动式日照计纷纷出现,包括光电式日照计、直接辐射表等。在气象观测步入智能化的同时,日照计的发展也面临新的考验。在介绍日照计测量方法的基础上对日照计进行分类,根据文献对日照计的历史和技术发展进行了研究,回顾了日照计在国内外的研究进展,对一些代表性的日照计的结构和性能参数进行详细介绍,并对新式的日照计进行概述。最后从观测需求、测量方法及使用的传感器3个方面综合起来说明日照计研究遇到的困难,并展望了日照计的未来发展方向。Sunshine duration is the important reference index that directly indicates the strength of solar radiation. As people further deepen their research on solar energy, the observation of sunshine duration becomes more and more important. Recently, the sunshine recorder has gradually got rid of the dependence on labor. Many kinds of automated sunshine sensors have appeared one after another, including photoelectric sunshine sensors and pyrheliometers. While the meteorological observation is becoming intelligent, the development of sunshine recorder is also facing new challenges. Based on the introduction of the measurement methods of sunshine recorder, this article classifies sunshine recorders, studies the history and technological development of the sunshine recorder according to literatures. The home and abroad research progress of sunshine recorder is reviewed, and the structure of some representative insolation meters is analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the important parameters of new sunshine recorder are introduced. Finally, it explains the difficulties in the research of sunshine recorder in terms of observation requirements, measurement principle and the utilized sensors. The future development direction of sunshine recorder is also looked forward.

关 键 词：日照计 日照时数 传感器 综述 

分 类 号：TH765.222[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]