中国稻作区土壤速效钾和钾肥偏生产力时空变化  

Spatio-temporal Variation of Soil Readily Available Potassium and Partial Factor Productivity of Potassium Fertilizer in Rice Cultivation Regions of China

作　　者：柳开楼[1,2] 韩天富[1] 黄晶[1,3] 李亚贞[2] 马常宝 薛彦东 都江雪 王远鹏 李文军 张会民[1,3] LIU Kailou;HAN Tianfu;HUANG Jing;LI Yazhen;MA Changbao;XUE Yandong;DU Jiangxue;WANG Yuanpeng;LI Wenjun;ZHANG Huimin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 330046,China;National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiyang,Hunan 426182,China;Center of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Resources and Environment and Tourism,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]江西省红壤研究所,国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330046 [3]中国农业科学院祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南祁阳426182 [4]农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心,北京100125 [5]湖南文理学院资源环境与旅游学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2021年第1期202-212,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671301);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300901);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(161032019035)资助。

摘　　要：基于农业农村部布置在全国的水稻土监测样点(1988—2017),分析不同稻作区水稻土的速效钾、钾肥偏生产力和钾素表观平衡的时空变化趋势。在30 a间,东北区水稻土速效钾含量显著高于长江三角洲(长三角)、长江中游、华南和西南地区。随试验年限的延长,除了长江中游的水稻土速效钾为先增加后稳定的趋势外,东北、长三角和华南区的水稻土速效钾含量均呈现出先稳定后增加的趋势,而西南区的水稻土速效钾含量则无显著变化。线性拟合方程表明,土壤速效钾含量每增加10 mg·kg^(–1),30 a间东北、长三角、长江中游、华南的钾肥偏生产力提升幅度分别为0.31、1.51、0.26和0.49 kg·kg^(-1)。除西南区域外,其他区域的钾素表观平衡与土壤速效钾含量均存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。因此,1988—2017年,全国尺度上水稻土的速效钾含量呈增加趋势,但不同稻作区土壤速效钾含量及年均增幅则差异较大。土壤速效钾含量的增加显著促进了水稻钾肥偏生产力的提升,而长期进行水稻种植导致的钾素表观盈余则进一步有利于土壤速效钾含量的提升。【Objective】In the past 30 years(1988—2017),rice planting patterns,potassium(K)fertilization application and crop yield all changed greatly in the rice-cropping areas of China.Therefore,it is necessary to follow spatio-temporal changes in readily available K in paddy soils in those regions,which may help provide guidance to improvement of soil K utilization efficiency use and rationalization of K fertilizer application.【Method】Based on the data gathered from the nationwide paddy soil monitoring network,laid out in 1988—2017,spatio-temporal variation of soil readily available K,K fertilizer partial factor productivity(PFP-K)and K apparent balance(KAB)was analyzed in Northeast China,the Yangtze River Delta,Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,South China and Southwest China,and relationships between the three also discussed.【Result】In the past 30 years,soil available K content was significantly higher Northeast China than in the other four regions.In the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,soil readily available K increased first and then levelled off in content,but in in the Northeast China,the Yangtze River Delta and South China soil readily available K content were steady first and then increased in content with the experiment going on,while in Southwest China little change was observed.Soil readily available K content was significantly and positively related to PFP-K.In Northeast China,the Yangtze River Delta,the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and South China,for the increase of each 10 mg·kg^(–1)of soil readily available K in paddy soil,PFP-K increased by 0.31,1.51,0.26 and 0.49 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The paddy soils in China and all the five regions exhibited a declining trend or remained in balance in KAB during the period from 1988 to 1998,but a rising trend was observed during the period from 1998 to 2017.South China was the highest in KAB of paddy soil,followed by the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Northeast China,the Yangtze River Delta and Southwest China in a decreasing ord

关 键 词：土壤速效钾 水稻土 区域 钾肥偏生产力 钾素表观平衡 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]