云木香干物质及营养元素积累和分配规律  

Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nutrition Element in Aucklandia lappa

作　　者：李林玉[1] 马维思[1] 张宽华 李庆堂 金航[1] 严世武[1] 海智成 王馨[1] 杨斌[1] LI Lin-yu;MA Wei-si;ZHANG Kuan-hua;LI Qing-tang;JIN Hang;YAN Shi-wu;HAI Zhi-cheng;WANG Xin;YANG Bin(Medicinal Plant Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science,Kunming 650223,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Jianchuan County,Dali 671300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650223 [2]剑川县农业技术推广站,云南大理671300

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2021年第1期106-110,共5页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项(2017AB003);云南省科技创新人才计划项目(2015HB102);怒江州产业扶贫科技示范项目(2020CY010)。

摘　　要：目的:研究云木香不同时期干物质及氮、磷、钾、钙、镁营养素积累与分配规律,为云木香科学施肥提供理论依据。方法:以移栽后第1年生的云木香为研究对象,缓苗后每隔25 d田间取样1次,分别测定各器官干物质和氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的量。结果:云木香干物质积累随着生育期的推进呈现“慢-快-慢”的趋势,根部呈直线上升,生育前期主要以茎、叶的干物质积累为主。缓苗后50 d为返青期,养分吸收量较少。75~125 d为快速生长期,是根的快速生长膨大期,在125 d时氮、磷、钾元素的吸收量最大,分别为1395.90、205.03、1311.33 mg/株;150 d时钙、镁吸收量最大,为682.54、155.88 mg/株。云木香对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分吸收表现为氮>钾>钙>磷>镁,干物质积累和各营养元素吸收呈正相关。结论:云木香返青期应少施肥;快速生长期是产量形成的关键期也是肥料利用最大效率期,施肥以氮、钾和钙肥为主,肥料使用应少量多次;钾肥早施;中后期主要施用速效钙、镁、磷肥。Objective:The regularity of accumulation and distribution of dry matter,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg)were studied in order to provide theory for scientific fertilizer of Aucklandia lappa.Methods:The samples were taken every 25 days after survival in this study.Dry matter,N,P,K,Ca,Mg in different components and different periods were analyzed in field after planted one year.Results:With the development of growth,the dry matter accumulation in A.lappa showed a trend of slow,fast and slow,and was linearly creased in roots.The dry matter increased slowly within 50 days after survival,and was mainly distributed in leaves and branches.The period 75-125 days was defined as fast growth period,which was rapid expansion of root.The maximum accumulation of N,P,K were 125 days.The maximum accumulation of Ca and Mg were 150 days.The dry matter accumulation linearly increased with the absorption of nutrient elements.Conclusion:Less fertilization should be applied during turning green period of A.lappa.Fast growth period was the key period of yield formation,and maximum efficiency period of fertilizer utilization,especially N,K,Ca,were main applied.The fertilizer application was small amount and multiple.K fertilizer was applied earlier.Ca,Mg,P fertilizers should be applied in the middle and later periods of growth in order to obtain economic yields.

关 键 词：云木香 干物质 营养元素 积累 分配 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]