深松耕对石灰岩红壤物理性状和玉米生长发育的影响  

Effect of Sub-soiling on the Physical Properties of Limestone Red Soil and Maize Growth

作　　者：李永贤 张晓云[1] 吴开贤[1] 安曈昕[1] 周锋[1] 杨友琼[1] 吴伯志[1] LI Yongxian;ZHANG Xiaoyun;WU Kaixian;AN Tongxin;ZHOU Feng;YANG Youqiong;WU Bozhi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期189-196,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119);国家自然科学基金项目(31660378);云南省科技重大专项(2018BB015);云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设(2016KJTX002)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确深松耕在云南石灰岩红壤地区的适宜性及其作用的持续性,进而筛选出合适的耕作方式。【方法】通过3年大田试验,探讨了深松耕和旋耕(对照) 2种耕作方式下的土壤物理性状和玉米生长状况。【结果】与旋耕(对照)相比,深松耕显著降低了耕层(0~20 cm)土壤容重(P<0.05)和土壤紧实度(P<0.05),且在2016年分别降低了7.24%和12.22%,增加了土壤总孔隙度,有利于保持深层土壤水分,有助于促进玉米生长发育,显著提高玉米生物产量(P<0.05),增加经济产量,但其效果随深松耕年限的延长先增后减;随着深松耕年限增加,与同年旋耕处理相比,深松耕处理增产优势呈下降趋势,甚至减产,表现为深松耕处理分别增加经济和生物产量13.76%和28.21%(2016年)、2.32%和21.38%(2017年),2018年减产4.36%和1.53%。【结论】综合来看,深松耕在该地区具有一定适宜性,其效果能持续2年且在第1年最为明显,所以隔年深松耕配合旋耕是合适的耕作措施。[Purpose]In order to clarify the suitability and sustainability of sub-soiling cultivation and screen out reasonable tillage method in limestone red soil area of Yunnan Province.[Method]We carried out a field experiment on maize for three years in this study,and discussed the effects of two tillage methods on soil physical properties and maize growth,including sub-soiling tillage and rotary tillage(CK).[Result]Compared with the rotary tillage,the sub-soiling significantly decreased the soil bulk density(P<0.05)and soil compactness(P<0.05)in plough layer(0-20 cm),the ranges were 7.24%and 12.22%,respectively in 2016,and increased soil total porosity compared with rotary tillage.Sub-soiling improved the water capacity in deep soil layer and contributed to promote the growth and development,and significantly improved the biological yield(P<0.05),increased the economic yield of maize.But the sub-soiling effects increased first and then decreased with the prolongation of tillage years.With the extension of sub-soiling years,the yield increase rate of sub-soiling treatment showed a downward trend,or even decreased.Compared with the rotary tillage treatment in the same year,the sub-soiling treatment economic yield and biological yield respectively increased by 13.73%and 28.21%(2016),2.32%and 21.38%(2017),decreased by 4.36%and 1.53%in 2018.[Conclusion]Based on the above results,sub-soiling has certain suitability in this area.The effect of sub-soiling can last for two years,and is most obvious in the first year.Alternate year sub-soiling is a suitable cultivation measure.

关 键 词：红壤 坡耕地 深松 土壤物理性质 玉米 

分 类 号：S341.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]