美加引渡制度:实践与挑战  

Extradition between Canada and the US:Practices and Challenges

作　　者：冀莹 JI Ying(School of Law,University of Inteniational Business and Economics,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际商务（对外经济贸易大学学报）》2021年第1期125-140,共16页INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“北京市新型涉众型经济犯罪的立法规制与司法适用”(17FXC021);教育部青年课题“总体国家安全观背景下公民网络言论表达的刑法规制研究”(18YJC820027);对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“全球视野下的中国刑法前置化领域与正当性研究”(16QD02)。

摘　　要：以孟晚舟引渡案为切入点,解读加拿大引渡制度的特征及其存在的问题。发现:从加拿大将被引渡人引渡到美国的过程是行政与司法审查并存的过程。加拿大在1999年颁布新引渡法后,为了更好地履行国际义务,在各方面均降低了司法认定标准,尤其在"行为"审查标准的贯彻、案件记录制度的建立以及拒绝引渡理由的限缩解释等方面,反复强调引渡程序与普通刑事审判程序的差异性。被引渡人以程序滥用或自身宪法权利受损为由申请终止引渡案件,多被法院驳回,抗辩空间较为狭小。建议在美国频繁行使"长臂管辖权"的背景下,被请求国如加拿大应对美国刑事管辖权的扩张进行正确评价,不可纵容他国的选择性执法,防止引渡制度的异化,以实现对被引渡人的权利保护。Based on the case of Mengwanzhou,this paper analyzes the features and problems of the Canadian extradition system. The results show that extradition from Canada to the US includes reviews from the court and the executive. After the promulgation of the new extradition act in 1999,in order to better fulfill its international obligation,Canada has lowered the standards of judicial authentication,and repeatedly emphasized the differences between extradition and normal criminal proceedings,especially on practice of review standards on "behaviour",establishing the record of case system,and maintaining strict interpretation of reasons of refusing extradition. The application of staying the cases through reasons of abuse of process and violation of constitutional rights is frequently rejected,and the defense space is limited. This paper suggests that on the background of frequent exercise of "long arm jurisdiction" by the US,the requested countries like Canada ought to assess the expansion of the US criminal jurisdiction appropriately,without indulgence of selective law execution,and avoiding distort of extradition system,to protect the rights of those extradited.

关 键 词：美加引渡 礼让互惠 权利保护 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]