细菌种群迁移的时空动力学  

Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial collective migration

作　　者：苏颖彤 白阳[1] 祁飞 张易 傅雄飞[1,2] Yingtong Su;Yang Bai;Fei Qi;Yi Zhang;Xiongfei Fu(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics,Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,深圳合成生物学创新研究院,中国科学院定量工程生物学重点实验室,广东省合成基因组学重点实验室,深圳518055 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第3期264-272,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903400);国家自然科学基金(11804355,31770111);广东省自然科学基金(2018A030310010);深圳市孔雀团队项目(KQTD2016112915000294);深圳市科技创新委员会项目(JCYJ20170413153329565)资助。

摘　　要：集群迁移是生物应对环境变化展现出的高度有序的集群行为.细菌的种群迁移涉及细胞个体的运动、细胞异质性、空间自组织机制等问题,是定量生物学研究领域重点的研究方向.近年来,研究人员利用数理模型、计算模拟的研究方法结合定量生物学实验研究细菌种群迁移的时空动力学过程,重点关注了集群协调个体行为的空间自组织策略、集群的代谢和生长周期性振荡、集群迁移速度和空间定植的定量关系等问题.本文对细菌种群迁移的研究进展进行概述,介绍细菌个体水平的随机运动和趋化运动,细菌种群趋化迁移和群集运动的模式,探讨细菌种群迁移的时空动力学的研究工作和定量合成生物学在细菌种群迁移研究的应用,并对该领域未来的研究方向和技术手段进行展望.Collective migration is a highly ordered collective behavior exhibited by species in response to a stimulus.Such behavior can help a population to gain a competitive advantage ahead of environmental changes.However,the process that shapes collective migration is complicated by the involvement of multiple factors,including genetics,phenotypic diversity,and the environment.In the last 50 years,mathematical models,computerized simulations,and quantitative experiments have all contributed to significant progress in the study of spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial population migration.In this review,we first summarize the fundamental research on single-cell behavior of bacteria and collective migration,then overview recent work on the spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial population migration and the applications of quantitative synthetic biology in collective migration research.Common bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo random walks when grown in suspension in bulk liquid,consisting of successions of“runs”and“tumbles”.To find favorable environments for survival,bacteria process chemical stimuli by swimming towards(or away from)the sources of attractants(or repellents).Bacteria evaluate changes in signal concentrations by a well-characterized chemotaxis pathway,and then modulate the tumble frequency accordingly.Increasing levels of a chemoattractant decrease the tumble frequency,allowing the bacteria to approach the source of chemoattractant.Bacteria tend to live in groups in the natural environment and exhibit collective migration.Two forms of bacterial collective migration,chemotactic migration and swarming,have been extensively studied.In a capillary or semisolid medium containing a chemoattractant,the bacterial population consumes the attractant to form a gradient.Such a gradient attracts more bacteria to concentrate at the location of higher attractant concentration,allowing the population to reestablish the gradient.The attractant-consumption loop results in chemotactic collective migration of bact

关 键 词：集群行为 种群迁移 细菌运动 时空动力学 趋化性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]