美国《外空防务战略》对外空军控国际规则博弈的影响分析  

The Analysis of the Influence of the US Defense Space Strategy to the Game of International Space Arms Control from a Legeal Perspective

作　　者：王国语[1] WANG Guoyu(Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学,北京100081

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2021年第3期94-106,共13页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“外空安全国际规则新发展及中国话语权实现研究”(16BFX187)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：外空安全形势复杂严峻,精准研判外空军控国际规则博弈态势是及时应对外空挑战、维系外空战略均衡的重要前提。美国国防部2020年发布的《外空防务战略》体现出的美国“外空领先、外空优先、外空霸权”思维,及其将中俄列为外空首要“威胁”和“对手”的定位,必将进一步恶化大国间的外空关系,同时加快外空军控国际规则博弈方式、内容融合化和纵深化的进程。中美同为航天大国,其外空国际规则立场既有分歧也有趋同。目前,分歧主要体现在外空安全、外空军控规则解释和制定领域。该《战略》极有可能激化已有的关于空间碎片、透明度等规则的分歧,美国继而可能提出具体的“负责任外空行为守则”“外空军事行为准则”等倡议,并正式开启有关外空自卫权、外空武装冲突法的讨论,加快外空军控规则由“物控”向“行为控”转变的进程,推动外空国际规则博弈朝向“全方位、多领域”发展。The security situation in outer space is complex and severe.Accurate research and judgments of the game concerning the international rules of outer space arms control is critical,which works as an impor⁃tant prerequisite for timely responding to outer space challenges or maintaining the balance of outer space strategy.The rationale of“space leading”and“space hegemony”of the US reflected by the 2020 Defense Space Strategy along with the position that taking China and Russia as its primary threats and adversary in outer space will certainly further aggravate the relationships among the space powers.Also,this will accel⁃erate the process of being integrated and deepening.While China and the US are both space powers,their positions on the international rules in outer space might be different,despite of actually having common in⁃terests.At present,the controversies are mainly reflected in the fields of interpretation and formulation of the international rules related to space security and arms control in space.This Strategy is likely to intensify the existing disputes concerning the international rules over the issues such as space debris and transparency issues,and the US would likely put forward a series of specific initiatives in terms of“code of responsible conduct in space”and“guidelines for space military”.The US may also begin to discuss the self⁃defence or the Laws of Armed Conflict in space officially,speed up the process of transforming the rules of arms control in outer space from“controlling the objects”to“controlling the behavior”,and lead the game of the inter⁃national space rules to develop towards the“all⁃around and multi⁃domain”direction.

关 键 词：《外空防务战略》 外空军控 外空国际规则 物控与行为控 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]