溴甲烷熏蒸对火龙果储藏品质的影响研究  

Effects of Methyl Bromide Fumigation on the Storage Quality of Pitaya Fruit

作　　者：高雪 张广平[2] 李丽[2] 张相敏 周国辉 张俊争 刘涛[2] GAO Xue;ZHANG Guang-ping;LI Li;ZHANG Xiang-min;ZHOU Guo-hui;ZHANG Jun-zheng;LIU Tao(College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China;Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100020,China;Nanning Customs,Nanning 530029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100094 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100020 [3]南宁海关,南宁530029

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期60-66,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0214902);国家市场监管总局技术保障项目(2019).

摘　　要：研究了溴甲烷熏蒸对火龙果(Hylocereus undatus Britt)品质的影响.在20℃下分别使用16,32,48,64 g/m^(3)溴甲烷熏蒸处理越南红心火龙果3 h.熏蒸结束后,5℃低温储存14 d,20℃模拟货架期储存5 d,期间测定火龙果的外观、硬度、可溶性糖、酸度和呼吸强度的变化情况.结果显示,48 g/m^(3)及以上质量浓度溴甲烷熏蒸后短时间内(1 d)刺激火龙果呼吸,且在模拟货架期间导致表皮药害和腐烂,64 g/m^(3)处理组在20℃贮藏5 d后酸度降低,32 g/m^(3)及以下质量浓度溴甲烷熏蒸抑制了火龙果在储藏期间的呼吸速率,对外观、硬度、可溶性糖和酸度均无不利影响.结果表明,20℃下32 g/m^(3)溴甲烷熏蒸3 h对越南进口红心火龙果的品质无影响,提示在口岸现场对火龙果进行检疫处理时,尽量避免用高质量浓度溴甲烷长时间进行熏蒸.In order to investigate the effect of methyl bromide fumigation on the quality of pitaya(Hylocereus undatus Britt)fruit,red pitaya fruits imported from Vietnam were fumigated with methyl bromide at 16,32,48 and 64 g/m^(3)at 20℃for 3 hours.The fumigated fruits were stored at 5℃for 14 days and then at 20℃for 5 days.The appearance,firmness,soluble sugar,acidity and respiration rate of the pitaya fruit were measured.Methyl bromide fumigation at a concentration of 48 g/m^(3)or higher stimulated the breathing of the fruit in a short time(1 day),and caused epidermal damage during the simulated shelf storage.The acidity of the fruit of the 64 g/m^(3)treatment group was reduced after storage for 5 days at 20℃.Methyl bromide fumigation at a concentration of 32 g/m^(3)or less inhibited the respiration rate of the pitaya fruit during storage,and had no adverse effect on the appearance,hardness,soluble sugar and acidity.The tolerance threshold of imported pitaya fruit against methyl bromide was 32 g/m^(3)for 3 hours at 20℃,suggesting that high concentration and long duration should be avoided when pitaya fruit was fumigated with methyl bromide at the port.

关 键 词：溴甲烷 熏蒸 火龙果 品质 呼吸强度 

分 类 号：S41-33[农业科学—植物保护]