欧洲公寓式住宅开放设计的层面性  

CONCEPT OF LEVELS IN OPEN APARTMENT HOUSING DESIGNS IN EUROPE

作　　者：贾倍思 Jia Beisi

机构地区：[1]BEA建筑设计 [2]香港大学建筑系

出　　处：《当代建筑》2021年第2期20-25,共6页Contemporary Architecture

摘　　要：本文首先分析了人们对住宅的需求发生的相应改变——住宅形态的变化表现在从花园绿地到城市性外部空间的转变,从日照通风到大进深平面的转变,从单一功能主义设计到多功能适应性结构的转变,从立面表皮到立面空间的转变,并指出,为了适应这些需求的住宅设计不再是一个封闭过程,而是分成不同的层面进行不同的开放性的专项设计,目的是适应住户和住宅设计之间的互动,实现住宅建筑的长寿命。本文介绍和探讨了BEA公司的"四层级"(城市设计,建筑结构,外墙和设备,功能布局及内装)住宅设计方法,是如何适应欧洲,特别是德语地区对高质量社会住宅的需求的。This paper firstly analyzes how such changes alter correspondingly the needs people pose to the housings. The adjustments of housing morphology are presented at the aspects of: the changing from gardens and green spaces into outside spaces of urban areas;the changing from sunshine and ventilation to large depth planes;the changing from single-functionalist designs to multi-functionally adaptive structures;and the changing from facade surfaces into facade spaces. The paper reveals that in order to adapt to these needs, the housing designs have been no longer closed processes, instead, the specialties operated on different levels, whose aim is to fit the interaction between users and housing designs, achieving the lifetime of housing architectures. This paper introduces and explores how the housing design method of "Four Levels"(designs of cities, structures of architectures, facade and equipments, functions and interior decorations) accommodate the needs European districts put on the high-quality social housings, especially the regions speaking German.

关 键 词：住宅设计 居住质量 适应性结构 设计层面 可持续 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]