我国边际土地产能扩增和生态效益提升的途径与研究进展  

Approaches and Research Progresses of Marginal Land Productivity Expansion and Ecological Benefit Improvement in China

作　　者：曹晓风[1] 孙波[2] 陈化榜 周俭民 宋显伟 刘小京[1] 邓向东[1] 李秀军[3] 赵玉国[2] 张佳宝[2] 李家洋[1] CAO Xiaofeng;SUN Bo;CHEN Huabang;ZHOU Jianmin;SONG XianweiLIU Xiaojing;DENG Xiangdong;LI Xiujun;ZHAO Yuguo;ZHANG Jiabao;LI Jiayang(Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Innovation Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院种子创新研究院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第3期336-348,共13页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-112)。

摘　　要：边际土地是指由于土壤障碍限制突出、水热资源约束强、地形条件局限大,导致农业产能和经济效益低下、生态脆弱的土地。我国耕地缺口约7亿亩,而现有11.7亿亩(7 800万公顷)边际土地是我国耕地的战略后备资源,藏粮于边际土地是国家粮食安全战略保障体系的重要一环。利用植物-土壤-微生物互作机制协同提升边际土地产能和生态功能已经成为国际研究的新趋势,包括选育适应高强度土壤胁迫的耐逆作物品种,筛选可利用的根际促生菌以提升植物耐逆适生性能,挖掘和强化微生物提升土壤质量和健康的功能。针对我国边际土地产能扩增和生态效益提升问题,需要基于生态优先与绿色发展原则制定总体行动方案;设立边际土地研发专项,以"植物先行、改土为基、水分保障、微生物调控、植物-土壤-微生物生态系统集成"为思路,建立全国边际土地资源清单,制定边际土地保护和治理区划;开展边际土地耐逆适生品种选育、水肥资源高效利用、土壤障碍因子消减与土壤生物网络诱导驯化、植物-微生物交互影响4个方面的基础理论研究;聚焦黄河滩地和滨海盐土、东北苏打盐碱土、西北内陆盐碱土、南方低山丘陵红壤、西南紫色土、西北黄绵土,构建不同边际土地类型的生态农场模式。通过建立与完善边际土地生态利用理论与技术体系,促进我国边际土地资源的保护和可持续利用,并为适时启动连片分布边际土地的改造和高效利用、实现新增7亿亩中等级耕地储备目标,保障"藏粮于地、藏粮于技"和乡村振兴战略的实施,以及推进我国生态脆弱区生态文明建设提供科技支撑。Marginal land refers to the land with low agricultural productivity and economic benefit and fragile ecology due to the prominent limitation of soil barrier, strong restriction of water and heat resources as well as harsh topographic conditions. In China, the existing marginal land is about 1.17 billion mu(15 mu is equal to 1 ha), which is the most important resource of strategic emergency to deal with the cultivated land gap of 700 million mu. Marginal land storage is a major strategy for national food security. It has become a new international research trend to increase the productivity and ecological functions of marginal land by modulating the interaction between plant and soil microbial. This includes breeding high stress-tolerant plants, screening and application of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria(PGPR) to promote plant growth on marginal land, and strengthening soil microbial functions to improve soil quality and health. In view of the marginal land productivity expansion and ecological benefit improvement, it is necessary to formulate the overall action plans based on the principles of ecological priority and green development. We should carry out the marginal land R & D project with the idea of "plant first, soil-improvement as the base, water security, microbial control, and the integration of plant-soil-microbial ecological system".(1) We should build a national database of marginal land and formulate the protection and management zoning plan.(2) We should develop four aspects of basic theory research namely, stress-tolerant plants breeding and its adaptive mechanism, efficient utilization of water and fertilize, soil obstacle factor reduction and biological networks induction/acclimatization, and the interaction between plant and microbial.(3) Focusing on coastal saline-alkali land in north and east China, soda alkali-saline land in northeast China, saline-alkali land in northwest inland, yellow spongy soils slope on the loess plateau, red soil and purple soil slope land in south hilly region, w

关 键 词：边际土地 产能提升 生态保护 可持续利用 资源清单 土壤障碍 抗逆品种 功能微生物 生态农场模式 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]