城市公园景感要素及其对不同人群公园活动方式的影响  

Landsense elements of urban parks and their impact on activities of different visitors

作　　者：刘晓芳[1] 吝涛 赵宇 林美霞 曹馨 李妍 吴昕怡 张国钦[2] 刘文惠 LIU Xiaofang;LIN Tao;ZHAO Yu;LIN Meixia;CAO Xin;LI Yan;WU Xinyi;ZHANG Guoqin;LIU Wenhui(School of Architecture,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学建筑学院,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第22期8176-8190,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771573)。

摘　　要：景感生态学以可持续发展为目标,契合了新型城镇化和人居环境科学的思想,强调以人为本,关注人的感知与环境的关系,为理解城市景观与人群活动的关系提供了一个崭新的视角。基于景感生态学视角,对城市公园常见的景感要素进行归纳分类,探讨城市公园景感要素对不同人群活动的作用途径;然后选择厦门市滨海、滨湖、山体、老城区和文化等五类典型城市公园的代表作为研究对象,实证分析和比较五类公园景感要素组成和民众感知评价的差异,并以此尝试解释不同类型公园吸引不同人群(访客密度、访问时间)及其在公园活动方式上的差异。研究结果表明,公园景感要素通过多层次关联对人群活动产生作用,即景感要素作用影响人的感觉类型,产生多样景感效果,满足民众由愿景产生的需求,进而影响其活动意愿和方式;各景感要素综合作用,共同对公园活动产生影响;当公园景感要素承载的设计愿景与民众愿景产生共鸣,才能产生良好景感效果,促进游园人群活动热情;公园景感要素和人群活动的关系侧重体现暴露性的生态系统服务。该论文研究结果希望为深入研究城市公园服务人群机制拓展一个自然与人文融合的崭新视角,同时为城市公园设计和运营提供有效的科技支撑。Landsenses ecology aims at sustainable development, which is in line with the ideas of new urbanization and human settlements science. It emphasizes people-oriented, pays attention to the relationship between human perception and environment, and provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between urban landscape and human activities. Urban park is an important public space for citizens′ outdoor activities and an important component of urban ecosystem. Based on the perspective of landsenses ecology, the common landsense elements of urban parks were summarized and classified, and the ways that landsense elements of urban parks affected the activities of different groups of people were explored. Then the representative of five typical urban parks in Xiamen, such as coastal, lakeside, mountain, inner-city and cultural, were chosen as the research object. Through empirical analysis, the differences of the five types of parks in the composition of landsense elements and public perception were evaluated and compared, and the differences in the attraction of different types of parks to different groups of people(visitor density, visiting time) and activity differences in the parks were explained. The results showed that the main landsense elements affecting crowd activities of parks included: function type(function type, function diversity), park form(flat form and vertical form), climate conditions(temperature, humidity, and wind speed), environmental quality(atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, and water environment), landscape pattern(tree and shrub coverage rate, greening rate, and water proportion), accessibility(external accessibility, road network density), cultural science, etc. The landsense elements of parks affected people′s activities through multi-level association, that was, the landsense elements affected people′s feeling types, produced a variety of landsense effects, met people′s needs generated by the vision, and then affected their willingness and ways of activities

关 键 词：景感生态学 城市公园 景感要素 人群活动 评估 

分 类 号：TU986.5[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]