作为特殊行政救济的行政复核  

The Administrative Review as the Special Administrative Remedies

作　　者：孔繁华[1] KONG Fan-hua

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第2期77-88,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当事人选择行政纠纷解决途径的影响因素之实证研究”(18BFX043)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国行政救济体系以行政诉讼为主,未来应充分发挥行政权作为行政争议解决主渠道的作用,完善行政内救济途径。考察现行立法规范,可以发现三种类型不同但相对制度化的行政复核:具有原机关自我纠错效果的人事争议复核,发挥实质救济作用的事故认定复核以及承担层级监督功能的信访复核。从行政复核概念本源、制度发展、域外经验和多元化行政救济途径的现实需要出发,宜将行政复核定位为行政权提供的特殊行政救济,区别于原机关自我纠错的声明异议、作为一般行政救济的行政复议和司法权救济的行政诉讼。从行政救济途径系统化的角度出发,行政复核的受理范围应是特定领域的行政争议,受理机关实行"上级主管机关+复核委员会"模式,审理方式上贯彻言词审理原则,复核决定遵守不利变更禁止原则。The administrative litigation is the dominant part in the administrative remedy system at present China.In the future,administrative power should be fully utilized as the main way for administrative dispute resolution,and the ways of administrative remedy should be improved.Examining the current legislative norms,there are three different but relatively institutionalized administrative reviews:The administrative review on the decision about the personnel dispute actually is self-correction by the original administrative organ.The administrative review on the decision about the responsibility confirmation of an accident with the effect of substantive relief and the administrative review on the decision of the complaint letters and visits actually paly an administrative supervision role.From the original concept of the administrative review,system development,foreign experiences and the practical needs of diversified administrative remedies,the administrative review is a special administrative remedy,which is different from the original organ’s self-correction declaration of objections and as general administrative reconsideration for relief and administrative litigation for judicial relief.From perspective of the systematization of administrative remedies,the scope of administrative review should be administrative disputes in specific areas.The accepting authority should implement the"superior competent authority+review committee"model and the principle of verbalism and has no power to make a new decision which is even worse to the applicant than the original one.

关 键 词：行政纠纷 行政救济 行政复核 

分 类 号：DF3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]