低维晶格系统能量传导与扩散研究  

Energy transport and diffusion in low-dimensional lattices

作　　者：赵鸿 王矫 张勇 贺达海 符维成 ZHAO Hong;WANG Jiao;ZHANG Yong;HE DaHai;FU WeiCheng(Department of Physics,College of Physical Science and Technology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Department of Physics,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui 741001,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学物理科学与技术学院物理学系,厦门361005 [2]天水师范学院物理系,天水741001

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2021年第3期136-153,共18页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:11975189,12075198,11975190,12075199,12005156)资助项目。

摘　　要：低维晶格系统中的能量输运和扩散已成为非平衡统计物理输运理论的前沿课题,正在蕴育线性响应理论之后的近平衡理论的新突破.本文重点介绍厦门大学课题组在这个方向上的主要进展,阐述基于粒子间相互作用势函数的对称性所建立的输运和扩散的基本理论框架以及基于系统哈密顿函数求解输运系数的路线图和相关进展.本文还将揭示能量均分所遵循的普适规律,探讨这些规律和输运行为之间的内在联系,并报告在耦合输运研究方面发现的新奇效应.Scientific studies in many disciplines have entered the low-dimensional mesoscopic world.This creates a valuable chance for not only improving near-equilibrium statistical mechanics,but also investigating the foundations of statistical mechanics,establishing thermodynamics and statistical mechanics for small systems,and developing the theory of nonequilibrium systems far from the equilibrium state.Predicting transport coefficients,as a main task of the near-equilibrium statistical mechanics,was formally fulfilled in the 1960-1970s,Green-Kubo formula which bridges the states of equilibrium and nonequilibrium.The Green-Kubo formula has played a crucial role in understanding nonequilibrium transport processes though so far only qualitatively,as the exact values of a system’s transport coefficients cannot be worked out explicitly given the system’s Hamiltonian.A quantitative description of transport behavior,therefore,is still required.Specifically,the"last mile"problem remains unsolved,and is still the bottleneck of near-equilibrium theory.Encouragingly,though,achievements in recent years may lead to a breakthrough in the near future.On one hand,the rapid development of computing technology has made it possible to effectively investigate the dynamics of nonlinear lattices,providing an important method of studying transports;on the other hand,various low-dimensional materials have now been synthesized in laboratories.With the help of advanced measurement and testing techniques,it has also become possible to perform experimental studies of transport in low-dimensional systems;theoretical results can be checked directly,which could in turn stimulate new ideas for improving theories.In addition,some theoretical approaches,such as nonlinear fluctuation hydrodynamics and wave turbulence theories,have been successfully applied to transport and diffusion studies—there are more effective theoretical tools available now than ever before.We therefore anticipate a first-principle formula that gives transport coefficients

关 键 词：非平衡态统计物理 输运 扩散 热传导 动理学效应 流体力学效应 热电 热化 

分 类 号：O414.22[理学—理论物理]