辨形疏果和水分调节对‘度尾文旦柚’果实裂顶的防控效果  

Effect of shape⁃based fruit thinning and water regulation on the prevention and control of fruit cracking of‘Duweiwendan’pomelo

作　　者：王贤达[1] 范国成[1] 刘坤泳 李健 WANG Xianda;FAN Guocheng;LIU Kunyong;LI Jian(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Xianyou Duwei Xianxi Fruit Industry Specialized Cooperative,Xianyou,Fujian 351266,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福建福州350013 [2]仙游县度尾仙溪果业专业合作社,福建仙游351266

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期184-190,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201506);莆田市科技计划区域重点项目(2020NJQ001);福建省公益类科研院所专项(2020R10280017);福建省农业科学院科技示范基地项目(sfjd1707)。

摘　　要：以‘度尾文旦柚’为材料,监测秋季环剥与果形指数发育规律的关系,明确辨形疏果(疏扁形果、留高形果)降低裂果率的有效性,测试覆膜和模拟久旱后暴雨式降水灌溉对果实品质的影响,并进行辨形疏果综合改良技术的中试试验,研究调控果形指数和水分调节对‘度尾文旦柚’果实裂顶的防控效果.结果表明:秋季环剥极显著提高‘度尾文旦柚’的挂果量且对裂果率的影响不显著;稳果后的果形指数基本稳定,即保持原本或高或扁的形态;果形指数对果实可溶性固形物含量的影响不显著,但与可滴定酸含量呈极显著负相关,即扁形果的品质相对较差,辨形疏果可提升果实品质;果实成熟前期覆膜极显著提高果实可溶性固形物含量(较对照约增加0.5%),但对裂果率的影响不显著;模拟久旱后暴雨式降水灌溉对单株裂果率的影响不显著,却极显著提高植株群体的裂果率(45.2%),但对照组的裂果率亦高达35.9%,表明水分失调并非导致裂果的主因.实施辨形疏果防裂技术显著降低裂果率(较对照下降4.28%),实施有效率为理论预测的77.8%.In order to reduce fruit cracking of‘Duweiwendan’pomelo[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.cv.‘Duweiwendan’],com⁃prehensive quality improvement practices which comprised fruit shape index(FSI)-based thinning and water regulation were tested on‘Duweiwendan’pomelo.The relationship between autumn girdling and the pattern of FSI was interpreted.Oblate fruits were thinned out while fruits with the original tall spherical size were retained.Water regulation including practices of plastic mulch cover⁃age and stimulated stormy irrigation after long⁃time drought were implemented.The results showed that autumn girdling significantly increased the amount of fruit set but had no significant effect on fruit cracking rate(FCR).The FSI remained unchanged after fruit shape stabilized,which meant maintaining the original high or flat shape.FSI had no significant effect on total soluble solids(TSS)contents,however,it was significantly negatively related to titratable acid content.In another word,the quality of flat⁃shaped pomelo was relatively inferior,and shape⁃based fruit thinning is expected to improve the quality of pomelo.At early ripening stage,plastic mulch significantly increased fruit TSS by around 0.5%,but it did not influence FCR at harvesting time.Stimulated stormy irrigation after a long drought did not influence FCR per plant,but it significantly increased FCR each population by 45.2%,though the FCR of the control group was as high as 35.9%,implying that water imbalance was not the main cause of fruit cracking.The FCR was o⁃verall reduced by 4.28%,reaching 77.8%of the theoretical value.

关 键 词：‘度尾文旦柚’ 果实裂顶 果形指数 辨形疏果 水分调节 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]