优化施肥对草莓脱毒苗生长发育以及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Optimized Fertilization on Growth and Development,Yield and Quality of Detoxicated Strawberry Seedlings

作　　者：李成[1] 朱吉明[1] 况慧云 徐锦瑾 吴丹[1] 李涛[1] LI Cheng;ZHU Ji-ming;KUANG Hui-yun;XU Jin-jin;WU Dan;LI Tao(Qingpu District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201700,China;Shanghai Shumei Agriculture Investment Company Limited,Shanghai 201711,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市青浦区农业技术推广服务中心,上海201700 [2]上海孰美农业投资有限公司,上海201711

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第1期75-79,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：脱毒苗具有生长旺盛、抗病性强、产量高、品质好等优势。为了探索适宜草莓脱毒苗生产的施肥技术,在综合考虑草莓脱毒苗生长发育和养分需求规律的基础上,对上海市白鹤草莓产区的传统施肥方法进行优化,具体方法为基肥采用微生物菌肥,苗期和花期追施均衡型大量元素水溶肥,果期追施高钾型大量元素水溶肥并配合喷施氨基酸叶面肥。以传统施肥方法为对照,研究了优化施肥对草莓物候期、生长开花性状、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与传统施肥相比,优化施肥的草莓上市期提前8 d,株高、茎粗分别增加了17.3%、34.5%,草莓花茎数、花蕾数、单果重和糖度均有所提高,增产20.1%。优化施肥可以显著促进草莓脱毒苗生长发育,明显提高果实产量和品质。Detoxicated seedlings have the advantages of vigorous growth,strong disease resistance,high yield and good quality.In order to explore the fertilization techniques for the production of detoxicated strawberry seedlings,the traditional fertilization method used in Shanghai Baihe strawberry production area was optimized comprehensively considering the growth and nutrient demand of detoxicated strawberry seedlings.The specific method was as follows:microbial fertilize was used as base fertilizer,water soluble fertilizer was applied at seedling and flowering stages,and water soluble fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer were applied at fruit stage.Compared with traditional fertilization methods,the effects of optimized fertilization on phenological period,growth and flowering characters,fruit yield and quality of strawberry were studied.The results showed that the optimized fertilization made the strawberry appear on the market 8 days early,increase the plant height and stem diameter by 17.3%and 34.5%respectively,improve the number of flower stems,the number of flower buds,single fruit weight and sugar content,and increase the yield by 20.1%.The optimized fertilization can significantly promote the growth and development of detoxicated strawberry seedlings,and significantly improve fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：草莓脱毒苗 施肥 生长发育 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]