天山典型冰川区径流年内变化分析  

Temporal inner-annual runoff variation in the variation in the typical glacier region of the eastern Tianshan Mountains,China

作　　者：刘爽爽 李忠勤 张慧[1] 金爽 邓海军 王璞玉 贾玉峰 LIU Shuang-shuang;LI Zhong-qin;ZHANG Hui;JIN Shuang;DENG Hai-jun;WANG Pu-yu;JIAYu-feng(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansuf China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansuy China;Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]石河子大学,新疆石河子832000 [5]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第6期1388-1395,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0201);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20020102);国家自然科学基金项目(41771077)资助。

摘　　要：基于天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区1980—2016年的水文和气象资料,对冰川区径流在月、日和时尺度的变化特征及其原因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1980—2016年该区消融期(5—9月)径流总体呈上升趋势,倾向率为3.44×104m^(3)·a^(-1),其中6—8月上升趋势较为显著;37 a来8月对径流增多贡献率最大,其次为6月和7月,5月和9月最低;消融期径流在1993年显著增加,5—8月径流均在20世纪90年代发生突变。(2)日径流量自1980s、1990s至2000s显著增加,而2010—2016年径流量有所减少;日径流峰值出现时间在1980s—1990s有明显提前趋势,但在2010—2016年,日径流峰值出现日期趋于稳定。(3)2011—2016年7月和8月昼夜流量变化较为显著;日流量曲线呈现"峰-谷"的日变化特征,且7月和8月峰值出现时间小于6月和9月。(4)1980—2016年,该流域消融期气温和降水均呈上升趋势;相关分析表明6—8月径流与气温均呈显著正相关。总体上冰川区年内径流与气温、降水在月、日尺度上表现出较好的同步性,表明其变化主要受控于同期的气温与降水量状况。The purpose of this study was to explore the response of inner-annual runoff to climate change in the typical glacier region of the eastern Tianshan Mountains,China.We analyzed the characteristics of runoff at monthly,daily,and hourly scales using hydrological and meteorological data from 1980 to 2016.The results showed that runoff increased(3.44×104 m^(3)·a^(-1))during ablation periods,especially from June to August;August contributed the most to the runoff increase,followed by June and July,while May and September contributed the least to the runoff increase.The runoff during the ablation period increased significantly in 1993,and the runoff from May to August changed suddenly in the 1990 s.Though the daily runoff increased during the 1980 s,1990 s,and 2000 s,the runoff decreased from 2010 to 2016.The diurnal flow changed significantly in July and August from 2011 to 2016;the daily flow curve showed a"peak-valley"daily variation,with a shorter peak time in July and August than June and September.Air temperature and precipitation followed upward trends during the ablation periods from 1980 to2016;correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between runoff and air temperature from June to August.On the whole,the runoff,air temperature,and precipitation kept good synchronization on monthly and daily scales.Air temperature and precipitation in the glacierized areas contributed most to the increase and decrease of runoff in a short time.

关 键 词：天山 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 年内径流变化 气候变化 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]