肥料酸化对灌漠土pH的影响  

Effects of fertilizer acidification on the soil p H of irrigated desert soil

作　　者：陈震 车宗贤[1,2] 张久东[1] 崔云玲[1] 张立勤[1] CHEN Zhen;CHE Zong-xian;ZHANG Jiu-dong;CUI Yun-ling;ZHANG Li-qin(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu,China;College of Resourse and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第6期1478-1487,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903700);国家绿肥产业体系项目(CARS-22);国家自然科学基金项目(31760140);甘肃省农业科学院创新专项(2017GAAS26)资助。

摘　　要：明确水肥一体化条件下不同酸度水肥溶液对灌漠土p H的改良效果,为碱性土壤合理施肥提供参考。本试验设置5个灌溉溶液pH:A1(1.5)、A2(3.5)、A3(5.5)、A4(7.5)(对照)和A5(9.5),两个灌水量W1(1500 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和W2(3000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),两个施氮量N1(450 kg·hm^(-2))和N2(900 kg·hm^(-2)),共20个处理,通过盆栽试验进行研究。结果表明:(1)土壤pH与灌溉溶液pH显著正相关,A1处理下0~5 cm土层土壤pH可降至7.16~7.4,相比A2、A3、A4、A5四个处理降低了0.45~0.81,与各处理间差异显著。(2)增加灌水量或施氮量对土壤pH无显著影响。(3)土壤pH在灌溉溶液的当天最低,然后慢慢恢复,且随着灌溉次数的增加,土壤pH越来越低。(4)各处理下土壤pH随土层深度的增加而增加,其中A1处理下0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm土层土壤pH分别为7.27、7.67、7.84、7.98、8.08,土层间差异最大。酸性溶液能显著降低灌漠土pH,不论是灌溉溶液pH,还是灌水量,或是施氮量,主要是改变了耕层土壤的pH,对底层土壤pH影响不大。所以,在农业生产中,可通过调节溶液酸度,降低碱性土壤pH,为作物的健康生长提供保障。The effect of different acidity of water and fertilizer solutions on the pH of irrigated desert soil were studied.Five irrigation set-ups were made with different pH:A1(1.5),A2(3.5),A3(5.5),A4(7.5),(CK),and A5(9.5);two irrigation quantity:W1(1500 m^(3)·hm^(-2))and W2(3000 m^(3)·hm^(-2));and two applied amount of N fertilizer:N1(450 kg·hm^(-2))and N2(900 kg·hm^(-2)),leading to a total of 20 treatments.Related studies through pot experiment were done.This study showed that(1)the soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the irrigation solution pH.The soil pH of 0-5 cm soil layer under A1 treatment can be reduced to 7.16-7.4,which was 0.45-0.81 units lower than A1,A2,A3,and A4.(2)Increasing the amount of irrigation or nitrogen have no significant effect on soil pH.(3)The soil pH was the lowest on the day of the application of irrigation solution,and then slowly recovered.As the number of irrigations increased,the soil pH became lower and lower.(4)Under each treatment,the soil pH increased with the increase in soil layer depth.Among them,the soil pH of 0-5 cm,5-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,and 30-40 cm soil layers under A1 treatment were 7.27,7.67,7.84,7.98,and 8.08,respectively.The difference of soil pH between the soil layers is the largest.The acidic solution can significantly reduce the pH of the irrigated desert soil.Regardless of the pH of the solution and the amount of irrigation or nitrogen applied,the pH of the cultivated soil layer was mainly changed,and the pH of the bottom soil was not greatly affected.Thus,we can adjust the acidity of the solution to make the pH of the alkaline soil lower in agricultural production.This will provide a scientific basis for the efficient management of nutrient resources of alkaline soil.It will guarantee the healthy growth of crops.

关 键 词：酸性肥料 土壤PH 灌漠土 黑麦草 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]