半干旱区箭舌豌豆播期对间作马铃薯生物量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of the sowing date on aboveground biomass and water utilization of potato and spring vetch intercropping systems with vertical rotary sub-soiling tillage on a semi-arid area

作　　者：张绪成[1,2] 于显枫 马一凡[1,2] 侯慧芝 王红丽[1,2] 方彦杰 ZHANG Xu-cheng;YU Xian-feng;MA Yi-fan;HOU Hui-zhi;WANG Hong-li;FANG Yan-jie(Institute of Dryland Farmings Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第6期1618-1626,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020080105);国家自然科学基金(31960398,31560355)共同资助。

摘　　要：协调马铃薯与绿肥作物对水分的利用,是协同实现二者间作提高半干旱区马铃薯产量和提升耕地质量的关键。于2017—2018年在西北黄土高原半干旱区布置定位试验,间作箭舌豌豆设计6月10日(PS1)、6月26日(PS2)和7月10日(PS3)3个播期,以马铃薯单作(P)为对照,测定土壤水分、生物量、马铃薯叶片叶绿素相对含量(Soil and Plant Analyzer Development,SPAD)、冠层温度和产量等指标。结果表明,与P相比,平水年(2017年)PS1降低了马铃薯花期120~160 cm土层和块茎膨大期20~40 cm土层的土壤贮水量,PS2和PS3则增加了块茎膨大期140~200 cm、收获期0~80 cm土层的土壤贮水量;间作提高了丰水年(2018年)土壤贮水量。平水年PS1花前耗水量最高,较PS3提高了15.7%;丰水年PS3最高,较PS1增加了17.9%,但均和P、PS2无显著差异;P的花后耗水量在平水年分别较PS1、PS2和PS3增加了70.9%、48.6%和32.0%;PS3的花后耗水量在丰水年分别较P、PS1和PS2增加了24.3%、23.1%和38.1%,均达到显著差异。PS2和PS3的地上生物量较P在2017和2018年分别增加了1.1%~12.4%和11.0%~13.2%,且PS3在平水年显著提高了水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)。平水年P和PS3的产量无显著差异,但显著高于PS1和PS2;丰水年P、PS2和PS3的产量无显著差异,但显著高于PS1。因此,半干旱区马铃薯间作的箭舌豌豆适宜播期在6月下旬到7月上中旬,在不降低马铃薯块茎产量的基础上增加地上部生物量,并显著提高平水年马铃薯的WUE。Intercropping potato and green manure may be a promising way to both increase potato tuber yields and improve soil quality.The key problem to overcome the coordination of water utilization between potato and green manure in rain-fed semi-arid areas.A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in a semi-arid area in Northwest Loess Plateau.The three sowing dates of spring vetch includes 10 June(PS1),26 June(PS2),and 10 July(PS3).These dates were incorporated into the design of the intercropping system;mono-potato(P)was used as the control.The soil water content,aboveground biomass,foliar soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)value,canopy temperature,and tuber yield were measured.Study results showed that PS1 decreased soil water storage(SWS)in a 120-160 cm profile at flowering stage,and in a 20-40 cm profile at tuber expanding stage.PS2 and PS3 increased SWS in a 140-200 cm profile at tuber expanding stage,and in a 0-80 cm profile at harvesting stage during a normal year(2017).Three intercropping treatments increased SWS in a wetting year(2018),when compared with P.The evapotranspiration(ET)rate during pre-flowering period was highest in PS1 in a normal year,it also increased by 15.7%when compared with PS3.However,it was highest in PS3 in a wetting year,where it increased by 17.9%compared with PS1,and without significant difference compared to P and PS2.ET in postflowering period was highest with P in a normal year,and significantly increased by 70.9%,48.6%,and 32.0%respectively,as compared with PS1,PS2,and PS3.ET was highest in PS3 in a wetting year,where it significantly increased by 24.3%,23.1%,and 38.1%respectively,as compared with P,PS1,and PS2.The aboveground biomass of PS2 and PS3 increased by 1.1%-12.4%in 2017,and 11.0%-13.2%in 2018,and PS3 significantly increased water use efficiency in a normal year,when compared with P.Tuber yield of P and PS3 were not significantly different,but were significantly higher than PS1 and PS2 in a normal year.However,the tuber yield did not significantly differ amo

关 键 词：半干旱区 播种时期 间作 阶段耗水 生物量 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S551.9