微咸水膜下滴灌对棉花生长及产量的影响  

Effect of drip irrigation under brackish water film on cotton growth and yield

作　　者：刘雪艳[1] 丁邦新 白云岗 柴仲平[1] 王小童 LIU Xue-yan;DING Bang-xin;BAI Yun-gang;CHAI Zhong-ping;WANG Xiao-tong(College of Grassland and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Institute of water Resources and Hydropower Research,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第6期1627-1634,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403305)资助。

摘　　要：新疆南部地区淡水资源短缺,浅层地下咸水及灌溉排水资源相对丰富,研究淡咸水混合灌溉对棉花生长及产量的影响,以期获得一套简易的应用模式,在极端干旱年份对于缓解新疆南部棉花种植地区的干旱损失具有重要意义。以灌溉地表水(矿化度0.38~0.75 g·L^(-1))为对照与排水渠咸水(矿化度9.81~11.81 g·L^(-1))按照不同比例混合,设置6种不同梯度的灌溉水,即淡咸比1:0(对照);淡咸比4:1(处理1);淡咸比3:2(处理2);淡咸比2:3(处理3);淡咸比1:4(处理4);淡咸比0:1(处理5),对棉花进行大田灌溉试验。结果表明:(1)随着灌溉水矿化度增加,棉花的生理性状呈现下降趋势。与对照相比,处理1灌溉水对棉花生长的影响较小,棉花产量较对照下降11.85%。(2)灌溉水分生产效率随着灌溉水矿化度的升高而降低,处理1较对照减少最少。(3)不同微咸水处理下10~40 cm土壤盐分呈现累积现象,其中对照最后1次灌水后的土壤盐分较第1次灌水前增加14.08%,处理5增加最多为173.08%。灌溉水配比4:1即矿化度为2.36~3.39 g·L^(-1)时对棉花生长、产量、灌溉水分生产效率及土壤盐分影响较小。说明在干旱缺水时期采用适当的咸淡混合灌溉方式,对于缓解区域水资源短缺,保证棉花产量具有重要的作用。Southern Xinjiang has a shortage of freshwater resources and relatively abundant shallow underground saline water,irrigation,and drainage resources.The impacts of mixed brackish water irrigation on cotton growth and yield were investigated to obtain application models that can alleviate the drought loss of cotton growing areas in Xinjiang.In this study,irrigation surface water(mineralization degree 0.38-0.75 g·L^(-1))was used as a control and drainage channel saline water(mineralization degree 9.81-11.81 g·L^(-1))was mixed in different proportions for each treatment.A salinity gradient of six water treatments was set up to conduct a field irrigation test on cotton:1:0 light/salt ratio(control);4:1 light/salt ratio(treatment 1);3:2 light/salt ratio(treatment 2);2:3 light/salt ratio(treatment3);1:4 light/salt ratio(treatment 4);0:1 light/salt ratio(treatment 5).The results showed that the physiological characteristics of cotton deteriorate as the salinity of irrigation water increases.Compared with the control,the treatment 1 irrigation water had less effect on cotton growth,and the cotton yield decreased by 11.85%.Irrigation water production efficiency decreases with the increase of irrigation water salinity;treatment 1 had the smallest decrease compared with the control.Under different brackish water treatments,the soil salinity at 10-40 cm depth showed a cumulative phenomenon.Among them,the soil salinity after the last irrigation increased 14.08%compared with that before the first irrigation,whereas treatment 5 showed the greatest increase of salinity at173.08%.In conclusion,the irrigation water with a salinity of 2.36-3.39 g·L^(-1)(treatment 1)had little effect on cotton growth,yield,production efficiency,and soil salinity.Therefore,the use of appropriately mixed salt and water irrigation during drought and water shortage periods can contribute to alleviating the shortage of regional water resources,reducing drought-related cotton production losses.

关 键 词：微咸水 棉花 产量 膜下滴灌 矿化度 新疆南部 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S275.6