职业病危害因素对电网企业员工职业紧张影响分析  

Influence of occupational hazards on occupational stress of employees in a power grid enterprise

作　　者：刘斌 陈慧峰[2] 闫雪华[2] 黄梓培 余日安 LIU Bin;CHEN Huifeng;YAN Xuehua;HUANG Zipei;YU Rian(School of Public Health,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510310,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510310 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2020年第6期640-645,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81302387);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152);广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011969);广东省医学科研基金(A2017227,A2019246);广州市科技计划项目(202002030031)。

摘　　要：目的探讨电网企业员工接触的职业病危害因素中职业紧张的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择某电网企业3座变电所和1个电力调度中心共972名员工为研究对象。采用中文版《工作内容问卷》调查员工工作要求-自主(JDC)模式职业紧张状况,分析职业病危害因素对职业紧张的影响。结果 972名研究对象JDC模式职业紧张的工作要求、工作自主、社会支持维度得分中位数和第25、75百分位数[M(P_(25),P_(75))]分别为14(12,15)、25(23,26)、24(23,24)分,工作要求/工作自主维度平均得分(D/C)比值M(P_(25),P_(75))为0.99(0.89,1.13);JDC模式职业紧张检出率为48.4%(470/972)。电磁辐射、高温高空、视觉显示终端(VDT)作业员工的工作要求维度得分、D/C比值、JDC模式职业紧张检出率均高于无从事上述作业员工(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在排除年龄、工龄、个人月收入、运动等混杂因素影响后,高温高空作业和VDT作业人群检出职业紧张的风险均升高(P值均<0.05),比值比及其95%可信区间分别为1.91(1.43~2.54)和1.67(1.26~2.21)。结论电网企业员工JDC模式职业紧张水平较高;从事高温高空作业和VDT作业是其罹患JDC模式职业紧张的主要危险因素。Objective To explore the influencing factors of occupational stress from occupational hazards in employees of a power grid enterprise. Methods A total of 972 employees from 3 substations and 1 power dispatch center of a power grid enterprise were selected as research subjects by the cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire was used to evaluate the occupational stress using the job demand control(JDC) model. The influence of occupational hazards on occupational stress was analyzed. Results The median, the 25 th and 75 th percentile scores [M(P_(25), P_(75))] of the 972 research subjects on job demand, job control, and social support dimensions of JDC model occupational stress were 14(12, 15), 25(23, 26), 24(23, 24), respectively. The M(P_(25), P_(75)) of the demand/control(D/C) ratio was 0.99(0.89, 1.13). The incidence of occupational stress was 48.4%(470/972) by the JDC model. The job demand dimension scores, D/C ratios, and incidence of occupational stress by JDC model were higher in employees exposed to electromagnetic radiation, high temperature, high altitude, and visual display terminal(VDT) than in those employees not exposed to the above factors(all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational stress increased in those employees exposed to high temperature, high altitude and VDT(all P<0.05) after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as age, length of service, monthly income and exercise. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 1.91(1.43-2.54) and 1.67(1.26-2.21), respectively. Conclusion The level of occupational stress among employees in power grid enterprise is relatively high by JDC model. High-temperature, high-altitude and VDT operation are the main risk factors of occupational stress by JDC model.

关 键 词：职业紧张 职业病危害因素 噪声 电磁辐射 高温 高空 视觉显示终端 电网企业 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]