冲击地压采面瓦斯异常涌出发生机制及控制  

Mechanism of abnormal gas emission from mining face with rock burst danger and its control

作　　者：张锋[1,2] 马智勇 Zhang Feng;Ma Zhiyong(State Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Monitoring and Emergency Technology,Chongqing 400037,China;Chongqing Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group,Chongqing 400037,China)

机构地区：[1]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037 [2]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400037

出　　处：《能源与环保》2021年第3期16-20,共5页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51574280);中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司重点研发资助项目(2019ZDXM010);国家能源集团科技创新资助项目(SHGF-18-87)。

摘　　要：针对冲击地压采面瓦斯异常涌出问题,在统计分析多个冲击地压采面瓦斯涌出异常诱发因素的基础上,研究了冲击地压采面瓦斯异常涌出发生机制、瓦斯异常区划分方法及防治技术。研究结果表明:冲击地压采面瓦斯异常涌出影响因素主要有煤(岩)固有冲击属性、瓦斯含量(压力)、开采深度、坚硬顶板、地质构造、开采技术条件等;冲击地压采面瓦斯异常涌出发生机制是煤(岩)层冲击或震动,造成应力集中区域突然卸压、裂隙扩展,大量卸压瓦斯解吸扩散并涌向采场,工作面后方采空区随着顶板断裂,瓦斯被突然压出,造成瓦斯涌出异常。在治理冲击地压采面瓦斯时,采前需预评价、预分区、预处理,开采过程中,可以实施钻孔卸压、顶板预裂爆破、煤层注水、深孔爆破、瓦斯抽采、强化支护等措施,以降低冲击地压及伴生瓦斯异常涌出危险。研究结果在宽沟煤矿I010202工作面得到了应用,取得了良好的效果,确保了工作面的安全回采。Aiming at the problem of abnormal gas emission on the mining face of rock burst,based on the statistical analysis of several factors inducing abnormal gas emission on the mining face of rock burst,the mechanism of abnormal gas emission on the mining face of rock burst,the method of dividing the abnormal gas emission area and the prevention and control technology were studied.The results showed that the factors that influence the abnormal gas emission on the mining face of rock burst include the inherent impact property of coal rock,gas content(pressure),mining depth,hard roof,geological structure,mining technical conditions,etc.The occurrence mechanism of abnormal gas gushing on the coal(rock)blasting mining face is the impact or vibration of the coal(rock)layer,which causes sudden pressure relief in the stress concentrated area,crack expansion,large amount of pressure relief gas analytical diffusion and rush to the stope,and the gas is suddenly pressed out in the goaf behind the working face along with roof fracture,resulting in abnormal gas gushing out.Pre-evaluation,pre-zoning and pre-treatment are required before mining to control the gas in the rock burst mining surface;in the process of mining,measures such as drilling pressure relief,roof pre-splitting blasting,coal seam water injection,deep hole blasting,gas extraction,and strengthening supporting can be taken to reduce the risk of abnormal outburst of rock burst and associated gas.The results have been applied to I010202 working face in Kuangou Coal Mine,and good results have been obtained to ensure the safe coal winning of the working face.

关 键 词：冲击地压采面 坚硬顶板 渗透 瓦斯异常涌出 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]