靶向RNA的CRISPR-Cas13系统及其研究进展  

RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 Systems and Its Research Progress

作　　者：陈静[1,2] 赵燕波[1,2] 赵兰 欧阳松应 CHEN Jing;ZHAO Yanbo;ZHAO Lan;OUYANG Songying(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;FJNU Bimedical Research Center of South,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]福建师范大学南方生物医学研究中心,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期10-17,共8页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31770948);福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2020Y4007)。

摘　　要：CRISPR-Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated proteins)系统是细菌和古菌抵御外源核酸物质入侵的适应性免疫系统,发挥作用时经过3个阶段:适应阶段、表达阶段和干扰阶段.其中,靶向DNA的CRISPR-Cas9研究较为深入,在基因组编辑领域具有广泛应用.而靶向RNA的CRISPR-Cas技术仍处于初步研究阶段.CRISPR-Cas13系统(Cas13a-d)的发现为RNA编辑等领域提供了新思路.Cas13家族蛋白是RNA介导的具有RNase活性的效应蛋白,结构上有保守的HEPN结构域(higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domain),能自我加工precursor crRNA和切割靶RNA.从Cas13家族蛋白的发现与基本功能、结构基础,以及在病毒核酸检测、RNA编辑、疾病治疗等方面的应用进行综述,旨在为CRISPR-Cas13系统的合理改造和应用奠定基础.CRISPR-Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated proteins)systems are a diverse group of bacterial and archaea adaptive immune systems that suppress bacteriophage infections by deploying RNA-guided endonucleases to cleave their genetic elements.It needs to go through three stages when it functions:adaptation stage,expression stage and interference stage.DNA-targeting systems such as CRISPR-Cas9 has been studied in depth and is already widely used in genome editing.However,the research on CRISPR-Cas13 systems and their applications is still in preliminary stages.The recent discovery of RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 systems(Cas13a-d)will expand the use of CRISPR-Cas technology to transcriptome manipulation and other fields.Cas13 is an RNA-guided effector protein with RNase activity.It has a conserved HEPN domain(higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domain)and can self-process precursor crRNA and cleave target RNA.This article reviews the current knowledge on functional and structural characteristics of CRISPR-Cas13 systems,as well as their applications in viral nucleic acid detection,RNA editing and disease treatment,with the aim of providing information for their rational engineering and application.

关 键 词：CRISPR-Cas13系统 type VI-A/B/D 核酸检测 RNA编辑 

分 类 号：Q71[生物学—分子生物学]