基于RAMS-CMAQ模拟的2019年初威海市大气污染反弹成因研究  

Study on the cause of air pollution rebound in Weihai in early 2019 based on RAMS-CMAQ simulation

作　　者：邢芝雯 魏敏 宁文涛[3] 张美根 李侃[5] 江伟 刘厚凤 XING Zhiwen;WEI Min;NING Wentao;ZHANG Meigen;LI Kan;JIANG Wei;LIU Houfeng(College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358;Center for Environmental Technology and Policy Research,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014;Shandong Normal University Library,Jinan 250014;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Weihai City Environmental Monitoring Center,Weihai 264200)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,济南250358 [2]山东师范大学环保技术与政策研究中心,济南250014 [3]山东师范大学图书馆,济南250014 [4]中国科学院大气物理研究所,大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [5]威海市市区环境监控中心,威海264200

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第3期886-897,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(No.41605113);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(No.2018M632713)。

摘　　要：威海市是山东省东部最典型的沿海城市,也是中国、日本、韩国大气污染相互传输影响的重要通道.虽然威海市大气质量已连续4年达标,但其污染仍时有反弹.2019年1—2月威海市大气NO_(2)和PM_(2.5)浓度反弹率分别达48.5%和35.0%,明显高于山东省内陆地区和京津冀地区平均水平.通过对同期空气质量例行监测数据和气象资料统计分析、空气质量模型RAMS-CMAQ模拟和后向轨迹聚类等方法定量剖析了威海市大气污染反弹的原因.结果表明,威海市2019年1—2月空气污染反弹与气象条件及其相关联的污染物区域输送有较大的相关性,与2018年同期相比,冷空气活动弱、降水量偏少、风速偏低、受来自山东内陆和京津冀相对高污染区污染输送影响偏多是造成本次污染反弹的主要诱因.RAMS-CMAQ模拟显示,相同排放源假定下,由气象条件及其引起的区域传输造成的PM_(2.5)和NO_(2)浓度反弹,2019年1、2月较2018年同期PM_(2.5)浓度增加值分别为8、3μg·m^(-3),分别占总反弹率的53%、37.5%,NO_(2)浓度增加值分别为10、7.5μg·m^(-3),分别占总反弹率的58.8%、40%.说明威海市空气质量受外来输送明显、扩散条件及区域污染输送是空气质量评估不容忽视的重要因素.As a typical coastal city in Shandong Province, Weihai is located on the important transmission channel of atmospheric pollutants among China, Japan and South Korea. Although the air quality had met the grade for four years, the level of pollutants still raised frequently. From January to February in 2019, the rebound rate for PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) reached 48.5% and 35.0%, which was significantly higher than the average rate of inland area in Shandong Province and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In this study, the air quality monitoring and meteorological data in Weihai were conducted, moreover, RAMS-CMAQ air quality model and backward trajectory clustering were employed to analyze pollution rebound process quantificationally. The results revealed that air pollution rebound in Weihai from January to February in 2019 had an obvious correlation with meteorological conditions. Compared with the same period in 2018, weaker cold air activities, lower precipitation, wind speed and effect by air-masses transported from the relatively high pollution areas, including inland of Shandong Province and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region would aggravate pollution. Under the same emission intensity, RAMS-CMAQ simulation showed that the rebounds of PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) concentration cause by meteorological diffuse condition and air-mass transmission, the increase in PM_(2.5) concentration in January and February 2019 compared with the same period in 2018 was 8 and 3 μg·m^(-3), accounting for 53% and 37.5% of the total rebound rate, and the increase in NO_(2) concentration was 10 and 7.5 μg·m^(-3) accounting for 58.8% and 40% of the total rebound rate respectively. The simulation results implied the air quality in Weihai was markedly influenced by air-mass transport. Therefore, diffusion conditions and regional transport should not be ignored in air quality assessment.

关 键 词：污染反弹 气象因素 RAMS-CMAQ 后向轨迹 威海市 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X16