植物基因克隆实现方法及甜菜基因克隆相关研究现状  

Methods of Plant Gene Isolation and Research Status of Sugar Beet Gene Isolation

作　　者：申子萌 王希[1,2,3,4,5] 徐悦 陈丽[1,2,3,4,5] SHEN Zimeng;WANG Xi;XU Yue;CHEN Li(College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment of Heilongjiang University/Sugar Beet Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150080;The Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding,Colleges of Heilongjiang Prov-ince,Harbin 150080;National Center for Sugar Crops Improvement,Harbin 150080;Key Laboratory of North Sugar Crop Resource and Utilization,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150080;Sugar Beet Technology Innovation Centre of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院/中国农业科学院甜菜研究所,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [3]国家糖料改良中心,哈尔滨150080 [4]中国农业科学院北方糖料作物资源与利用重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150080 [5]黑龙江省甜菜技术创新中心,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国糖料》2021年第2期25-32,共8页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：博士后研究人员落户黑龙江科研启动资助金“甜菜分子标记开发与重要性状相关标记的筛选”(LBH-Q18108);2017年度黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科技创新类重点项目“甜菜分子标记位点库的深度挖掘与候选SSR标记开发”(KJCXZD201713);国家现代农业(糖料)产业技术体系建设专项“甜菜种质资源收集与评价”(CARS-170102)资助。

摘　　要：综述了植物基因克隆在基因的获取、生物信息学分析与载体构建策略方面的技术研究进展,以期为基因克隆研究的方案制定提供依据。在应用中,可根据已知基因信息与已有植物材料的具体情况,选择不同的基因分离方法;在开展体内功能分析前,对基因进行适当的早期分析与处理,可更好地预判基因产物,并据此完善功能分析方案;选择适当的载体构建方案,则有助于基因后续的研究与应用。综述了甜菜基因克隆的研究现状,分析了甜菜基因克隆研究面临的问题是:甜菜资源与序列信息均严重缺乏,甜菜序列信息不仅不足,而且质量较低、更新偏慢;基因克隆方法陈旧,导致甜菜基因挖掘与克隆的效率不高;生物信息学分析手段不多,分析经验也较缺乏。甜菜基因克隆今后的研究方向主要集中在对目的基因序列功能分析方面:(1)通过微生物表达系统去制备基因产物,分析蛋白本身的功能;(2)通过在植物中的表达分析基因对植物性状的影响,并分析基因产物在代谢通路中的作用及相关的调控机制。This article reviews the technical research progress of plant gene isolation,in terms of gene acquisition(cloning),bioinformatics analysis and vector construction strategies,with a view to provide a basis for the formulation of gene isolation research programs.In application,different gene acquisition methods can be selected according to the specific situation of known gene information and existing plant materials;before carrying out in vivo functional analysis,proper preliminary analysis and processing of genes can better predict gene products so as to optimize the functional analysis program;choosing an appropriate vector construction strategy will help the subsequent research and application of genes.The current research status of sugar beet(Beta vulgaris)gene isolation was reviewed,and the main problems faced by sugar beet gene isolation research were put forward as following:both resources and sequence information are severely insufficient,and sugar beet sequence information is in low quality and update speed;gene cloning methods used are outdated,resulting in low efficiency of gene mining and cloning of sugar beet;there are few bioinformatics analysis methods and little analysis experience for sugar beet.The future research direction for beet gene cloning can be focused on the functional analysis of the target gene sequences:(1)gene products can be prepared through microbial expression systems to analyze the molecular functions of their protein products;(2)the impact of target genes on plant traits should be analyzed,and the regulating mechanisms of these gene products and related metabolic pathways can be investigated by express⁃ing these genes in appropriate plants.

关 键 词：甜菜 基因克隆 生物信息学分析 载体构建 植物 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]