区块链共识算法研究综述  

Overview of blockchain consensus algorithm

作　　者：靳世雄 张潇丹 葛敬国 史洪彬[3] 孙毅 李鸣[5] 林业明[1,3] 姚忠将 JIN Shixiong;ZHANG Xiaodan;Ge Jingguo;SHI Hongbin;SUN Yi;Li Ming;LIN Yeming;YAO Zhongjiang(School of Cyber Security,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Information Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;China Electronics Standardization Institute,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院,北京中国100049 [2]中国科学院信息工程研究所第五实验室,北京中国100093 [3]中国科学院信息工程研究所,北京中国100093 [4]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京中国100190 [5]中国电子技术标准化研究院区块链研究室,北京中国100007

出　　处：《信息安全学报》2021年第2期85-100,共16页Journal of Cyber Security

基　　金：“2018新技术新应用XX评估与标准体系研究”项目(No.Y8V0971105);“区块链信息服务XXXX系统(一期)”项目(No.Y8V1181105);国家重点研发计划“网络空间安全”重大专项“面向互联网+的云服务系统安全防护技术”项目(No.2017YFB0801801)。

摘　　要：共识算法是区块链系统维护数据一致性的核心机制。本文深入调研并分析了具有代表性的共识算法及其演化历程;基于共识过程提出共识算法的分类模型,并对各类型中代表性的共识算法进行详细分析;最后从去中心化、可扩展性、安全性、一致性、可用性、分区容忍性六个方面建立了一套共识算法的评价指标体系,并对代表性的共识算法进行对比分析,给出各类算法综合性的性能评价,希望为共识算法的应用与创新提供参考。Consensus algorithm is a key component of the blockchain system for maintaining data consistence.In this paper,typical consensus algorithms emerged in the development of blockchain are systematically reviewed and discussed.Based on consensus mechanisms,a classification model of blockchain consensus algorithms is given.In each classification category,some typical consensus algorithms are systematically described.Towards the end,a measurement system for consensus algorithms which is based on decentralization,scalability,security and agreement,consistency,availability and partition tolerance is built.With this measurement system,a comparison of these algorithms is made and the comprehensive performance of these algorithms on evaluating indicators is given out.With this work,we aim to offer useful reference for innovation of novel consensus mechanisms and development of the blockchain technology.

关 键 词：区块链 共识算法 拜占庭容错 评价体系 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]