里德堡原子微波电场测量  

Rydberg Atoms Based Microwave Electric Field Sensing

作　　者：白金海 胡栋 贡昊 王宇[1] BAI Jinhai;HU Dong;GONG Hao;WANG Yu(Changcheng Institute of Metrology&Measurement,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]航空工业北京长城计量测试技术研究所,北京100095

出　　处：《计测技术》2021年第1期1-9,共9页Metrology & Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61727819);国家“十三五”计量技术基础科研项目(JSJL2019205C002);航空基金项目(201956044001)。

摘　　要：里德堡原子是处于高激发态的原子,其主量子数大、寿命高,具有极化率高、电偶极矩大等特点,对外电场十分敏感。基于热蒸气室中里德堡原子的量子干涉原理(电磁感应透明和Autler-Towns分裂效应)的微波电场精密测量不仅具有远高于传统偶极天线的灵敏度,且具有自校准、对外电场干扰少、测量频率范围大等优点,是下一代电场测量标准。本文综述了里德堡原子的微波电场测量研究,详细介绍了其基本原理和当前研究进展,并讨论了未来发展方向。Rydberg atoms are the atoms in highly excited states with large principal quantum numbers n,and long lifetimes.The large Rydberg atom polarizability and strong dipole transitions between energetically nearby states are highly sensitive to electric fields.The new developed scheme for microwave electric field precision measurement is based on quantum interference effects(electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting)in Rydberg atoms contained in a dielectric vapor cell.The minimum measured strengths of microwave electric fields of the new scheme are far below the standard values obtained by traditional antenna methods.And it has several advantages,such as self-calibration,non-perturbation to the measured field,a broadband measurement frequency range,etc,is the next-generation electric field standard.In this review,we describe work on the new method for measuring microwave electric field based on Rydberg atoms.We introduce the basic theory and experimental techniques of the new method,and discuss the future development direction.

关 键 词：量子精密测量 里德堡原子 微波电场 电磁感应透明 

分 类 号：TB97[一般工业技术—计量学]