流程模拟技术在分馏塔故障分析中的应用  

Application of Process Simulation Technology in Fault Analysis of Fractionator

作　　者：贺黎明[1] He Liming(SINOPEC Luoyang Company,Luoyang Henan 471012)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司,河南洛阳471012

出　　处：《中外能源》2021年第2期76-81,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：介绍了一种通过精馏模拟实现分馏塔故障快速分析的方法。以L石化常压塔、化工二甲苯及邻苯塔、航煤加氢分馏塔为例,详细说明了精馏模拟技术在分馏塔故障分析中的应用。通过应用Petro-Sim、Aspen Hysys软件,分别搭建并校正了分馏塔模型,以塔板全效率为基础模型,通过调节塔板效率及气液相旁路的方法,使全塔产品收率、性质及灵敏板温度与实际运行工况一致,反算得到实际塔板效率及气液相分布,从而完成塔板水力学性能核算,确定实际操作点,实现判断检测故障情况的目标,进而分析故障原因并作出应对措施及优化方案。减少分馏塔故障产生:一是做好开工前塔器验收,专人负责安装质量检查,拍照存档,避免出现通道板未安装等情况;二是开工过程中优化蒸汽贯通吹扫方案,避免大量水汽化冲翻塔板;三是生产期间做好压力控制,防止出现压力大幅波动造成气液相负荷变化冲翻塔内构件情况;四是做好工艺防腐,强化电脱盐效果,控制脱后盐含量,适当提高分馏塔顶回流返塔温度。This paper introduces a method for fast fault analysis of fractionator by distillation simulation.Taking the atmospheric distillation tower,xylene and o-benzene tower and jet fuel hydrogenation fractionator in Refinery L as examples,the application of distillation simulation technology in the fault analysis of fractionator is introduced in detail.Fractionator models are built and corrected using Petro-Sim and Aspen Hysys respectively.Based on the total tray efficiency model,the product yields and properties of the whole tower and the sensitive plate temperature are made consistent with the actual operating conditions by means of tray efficiency regulation and gas liquid bypass,and the actual tray efficiency and gas liquid distribution are obtained through back calculation,thus completing the hydraulic performance calculation of trays,determining the actual operating point,achieving the goal of fault diagnosis and detection,analyzing the causes of the faults and formulating corresponding measures and optimization schemes.To reduce the faults of fractionators,firstly the acceptance check of towers should be carried out prior to startup,in which specially-assigned persons are responsible for installation quality inspection and photo archiving to ensure the installation of passage plates.Secondly the steam purging scheme should be optimized during startup to avoid the overturning of trays due to the vaporization of a large amount of water.Thirdly pressure control should be carried out during production to avoid the overturning of internals due to the changes in gas liquid load under wide fluctuations of pressure.Fourthly process anti-corrosion should be performed to strengthen the electric desalting effect,control the salt content after desalting and appropriately increase the reflux temperature at the top of the fractionator.

关 键 词：精馏模拟 故障分析 塔板水力学 措施 

分 类 号：TE65[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ053.5[化学工程]