不同负荷类型运动对大学生足型的影响研究  

Influence of Exercise of Different Loads on the Foot Shape of College Students

作　　者：朱瑶佳 霍洪峰[1,2] Zhu Yaojia;Muo Hongfeng(Physical Education College,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 500024,China;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Sports Bioinformation Evaluation,Shijiazhuang 500024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学体育学院,石家庄050024 [2]河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,石家庄050024

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2021年第1期12-18,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(16275709);河北省教育厅自然科学青年基金项目(QN2017343);河北师范大学创新资助项目(CXZZSS2019063)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同负荷类型运动对大学生足型的影响。方法:选取26名正常足型男性大学生,研究相同时间下跑、行走、自然站立后足型和肌电值(electromyography,EMG)的变化。采用双因素重复测量方差分析比较自变量(运动负荷类型×运动前后)对各因变参数(足长、足宽、足围度、内侧纵弓高度、足背高度、足舟骨高度、足弓指数、足弓指数、拇外翻角度、肌电信号值)的影响。结果:(1)足型:①跑后拇外翻角度增加(P<0.05),足长、足宽、足围度增加(P<0.01),内侧纵弓高度、足背高度、舟骨高度下降(P<0.01);走后足宽、足围度增加(P<0.01);站后足长、足弓指数增加(P<0.05),足宽、足围度增加(P<0.01),舟骨高度下降(P<0.05),内侧纵弓高度下降(P<0.01)。②跑后舟骨高度小于走后(P<0.05),足长大于走后和站后(P<0.01),足背高度小于走后(P<0.01);走后舟骨高度大于站后(P<0.05),足背高度大于站后(P<0.01)。(2)肌电信号:①胫骨前肌平均整流肌电值(average rectified value or average EMG,AEMG)跑、走、站后增大(P<0.01),腓肠肌外侧头AEMG值跑后增大(P<0.01)、站后增大(P<0.05)。腓肠肌内侧头AEMG值走后增大(P<0.01)。腓肠肌外侧头AEMG值跑后大于走后(P<0.05),腓肠肌内侧头AEMG值走后大于跑、站后(P<0.01)。②跑后胫骨前肌平均功率频率值(mean power frequncy,MPF)下降(P<0.05);走后胫骨前肌MPF值下降(P<0.05),腓肠肌内侧头MPF值增大(P<0.01);站后腓肠肌内侧MPF值下降(P<0.05)。结论:1.运动负荷类型是影响足型的重要因素,三种运动后跑对足型的影响最大,走对足型的影响最小。2.在本实验条件下,运动会使足部体积增加,足弓下降会导致足长增加。3.三种不同负荷类型运动对足型变化的影响因素不同:足部承受持续过量载荷是导致大负荷运动后足型变化的重要因素;小负荷运动后对足型没有影响;足部蠕变是静力性负荷支撑后足型变化的重要�Objective To explore the influence of exercise of different loads on the foot shape of college students.Methods Totally 26 male college students with normal foot shapes were selected and measured the change in their foot shapes and electromyography(EMG) after running,walking and standing for the same length of time.Two-factor repeated ANOVA was applied to compare the effect of exercise of different loads on the foot length,width and circumference,medial longitudinal arch height,foot dorsum height,foot scaphoid height,foot arch index,hallux valgus angle and electromyographic signal value.Results After running,the average hallux valgus angle(P<0.05),together with the foot length,width and circumference increased(P<0.01),while the average height of the medial longitudinal arch,foot dorsum and scaphoid decreased(P<0.01).After walking,the average foot width and circumference increased(P<0.01).However,after standing,the average foot length and arch index(P<0.05),in addition to the foot width and circumference(P<0.01) increased,and the average height of the scaphoid and medial longitudinal arch(P<0.05) decreased.After running,the height of scaphoid was less than that of walking(P<0.05),the length of foot was greater than that of walking and standing(P<0.01),the height of foot back was less than that of walking(P<0.01).After walking,the height of scaphoid was higher than that of post-station(P<0.05) and the height of foot back was greater than that of post-station(P<0.01).The average rectified value or average EMG(AEMG) of the tibial anterior muscle increased after running,walking and standing(P<0.01),while that of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle only increased after running and standing(P<0.01,P<0.05).The AEMG value of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle increased after walking(P<0.01).The AEMG value of the lateral head of gastrocnemius after running was higher than that after walking(P<0.05),and that of the medial head of the gastrocnemius after walking was higher than that after running and standing(P<0.01).A

关 键 词：足型 表面肌电 跑 走 自然站立 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]