抗阻运动对甲基苯丙胺类毒品依赖者心理渴求及诱发因素的影响及其剂量效应  

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Subjective Craving and Inducing Factors of Methamphetamine-dependent Individuals

作　　者：彭波 陈佳尘 苏锐 陶伟吉 王东石[1] Peng Bo;Chen Jiachen;Su Rui;Tao Weiji;Wang Dongshi(Facuity of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2021年第1期46-54,共9页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CTY018);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31600922)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨抗阻运动对甲基苯丙胺类毒品(methamphetamine,METH)依赖者心理渴求及诱发因素的影响,并甄选减缓心理渴求的最佳抗阻运动强度。方法:采用随机对照设计,招募并筛选120名METH依赖者,随机分成4组,分别参加单次40分钟不同强度的抗阻运动任务(低强度:30%~35%1-RM;中等强度:55%~60%1-RM;高强度:75%~80%1-RM)或对照组任务。在运动前、运动中、运动后多个时间点分别完成心理渴求视觉模拟评分量表、中文情绪形容词检测表和点探测任务的测评,并对测评结果进行方差分析和趋势分析。结果:在运动中、运动后即刻、运动后40分钟时,中等强度组的心理渴求评分比对照组评分降低更多。在运动后即刻,中等强度抗阻运动组快乐与兴奋情绪评分变化量显著高于其他组别,中等强度和高强度抗阻运动组注意偏向指数变化量也均显著大于其他组别。趋势分析发现,抗阻运动强度与运动中、运动后即刻以及运动后40分钟的心理渴求评分变化量之间均存在显著的二次曲线关系;与运动后即刻的快乐与兴奋情绪评分变化量之间存在显著的二次曲线关系;与运动后即刻的注意偏向指数变化量之间也存在显著的二次曲线关系。结论:抗阻运动通过增强METH依赖者的正性情绪和改善注意偏向来减缓心理渴求,进而降低复吸风险;其中,中等强度抗阻运动的改善效益最佳。Objective To explore the influence of resistance exercise on subjective craving and inducing factors of methamphetamine(METH)-dependent individuals,and to select the best intensity to reduce the subjective craving.Methods One hundred and twenty METH-dependent individuals were randomly divided into a control group,a low-,a moderate-and a high-intensity group,each of 30.The low-,moderate-and high-intensity group underwent 40-minute resistance exercise at the intensity of 30% ~35%,55% ~60% and 75% ~80% 1-repetition maximum,while the control group did not exercise.All groups were measured using the Visual Analog Scale and Chinese Mood Adjective Check List and Dot-probe Paradigm during,immediately after and 40 minutes after the exercise,and the results were analyzed using the variance and trend analysis.Results The average subjective craving score of the moderate-intensity group decreased more significantly compared with the control group at different time points.Immediately after the exercise,the change in the average score of happy and excited(HE) emotion of the moderate-intensity group was significantly higher than other groups,while the change in attention bias index of the moderate-and high-intensity groups was significantly higher than other groups.Moreover,a significant conic relationship was found between the intensity and the change in the average subjective craving scores during,immediately after and 40 minutes after the exercise.There was a significant conic relationship between the intensity and the change in the average score of the happy and excited emotion,as well as attention bias index immediately after the exercise.Conclusion Resistance exercise reduces the risk of relapse by reducing subjective craving through enhancing happiness and excitement,and attention bias among METH-dependent individuals.Moreover,the exercise of the moderate intensity is of the best effect.

关 键 词：抗阻运动 心理渴求 诱发因素 趋势分析 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学] R749.64[文化科学—体育学]