山杨柱头可授性及雌花枝质量对花芽发育影响  

Study on Stigma Receptivity and Effects of Female Flowering Branches Quality on Flower Bud Development of Populus davidiana

作　　者：李静 郭成博 李正华 白卉 LI Jing;GUO Chengbo;LI Zhenghua;BAI Hui(Heilongjiang Forestry Institute,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《森林工程》2021年第2期11-17,共7页Forest Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省森工总局青年基金项目(sgzjQ2016002);国家林业和草原局林业科技发展项目(KJZXZF2019005);黑龙江省省属科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2012-04)。

摘　　要：最佳授粉时期的判定是山杨定向育种工程实施的关键技术环节,可以指导山杨授粉杂交,提高育种效率。本研究以在山杨优良种源中选取的优良单株为实验材料,采用柱头形态学观察,结合联苯胺-过氧化氢试剂法对其可授性进行研究,同时对不同长度、直径的雌花枝做保留不同叶芽和花芽数量处理、观测,分析其花序长度、千粒质量等指标,探讨花枝质量对花芽发育的影响。研究结果显示,在温室水培环境下,山杨雌蕊可授期持续3 d左右,雌蕊柱头外部形态特征与可授时期有一定相关性,花序松散伸长,柱头能够全部探出芽鳞,开裂角度约180°,呈红色且柱头分泌出大量晶莹透亮的黏液,联苯胺-过氧化氢染色出现大量气泡,柱头为深蓝色时是山杨最佳的授粉时期。柱头完全露出,湿润且分泌大量黏液的形态特征可以作为山杨雌蕊进入最佳可授期的标志信号,用来指导山杨杂交育种授粉。底端直径2 cm左右、长度2 m的花枝保留2~3个花序,保留1对顶端叶芽时最有利于花芽和种子发育。The determination of the optimum pollination period was the key technology in the implementation of Populus davidiana directive breeding project,which can guide the hybrid pollination of populus davidiana and improve the breeding efficiency.Choosing Populus davidiana single plants selected from superior provenances as the research object,the stigma receptivity and optimal pollination period of Populus davidiana were studied by testing benzidine-H 2O 2 method and morphological observations.At the same time,female flowering branches with different lengths and diameters were treated with different leaf buds and flower bud number to observe and analyze inflorescence length,1000-grain weight and other indexes,to explore the influence of female flowering branches quality on flower bud development.The results showed that under a greenhouse condition,the stigma of the optimal receptivity stage of Populus davidiana was 3 d.The external morphological characteristics of the pistil stigma had a certain correlation with the receptive period.The optimal pollination period of Populus davidiana was when the inflorescence was loose and elongated,the stigma could all protrude out of bud scales,the cracking angle was about 180°and the stigma was red and secreated a lot of crystal clear mucus,benzidine-H 2O 2 staining appeared a lot of bubbles,and the stigma changed to deep blue.The morphological characteristics of stigma fully exposed,moist and secreting a lot of mucus could be used as a signal of the optimal pollination period of Populus davidiana,which could be used to guide the cross breeding and pollination of Populus davidiana.There was the best for flower bud and seed development that flower shoot retain 2 to 3 inflorescences and retain the only one pair leaf bud at the top with the bottom diameter was 2 cm and length was 2 m.

关 键 词：山杨 最佳授粉时期 可授性 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S722.3[农业科学—林学]