从“教室采光”到“课桌采光”——基于不良利用时间占比的中小学教室采光标准重评估  

From"Classroom Daylighting"to"Desk Daylighting":Reassessment of Daylighting Standard in Primary and Middle School Classrooms Based on Proportion of Bad Utilisation Time

作　　者：张昕[1] 周昕怡 陈晓东[1] ZHANG Xin;ZHOU Xinyi;CHEN Xiaodong(Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《世界建筑》2021年第3期36-41,126,共7页World Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:52078266)。

摘　　要：本研究基于案例调查与建筑师访谈,梳理近年建筑师对中小学教室采光设计标准的执行情况与探索尝试,并生成研究模型。通过对7个代表城市的11种采光/遮阳策略进行基于动态气象参数模型的精细化模拟,获得182,120,400个模拟数据,依此提出各列课桌的天然光"不良利用时间占比"指标,在近窗课桌过亮与远窗课桌过暗的博弈之间建立平衡,并按地域对各采光/遮阳策略的优劣进行排序,重评估教室采光标准,提出从"教室采光"进化到"课桌采光"的人因设计方向。Based on case investigations and interviews with architects,this study sorts out the implementation and exploration attempt of architects on classroom lighting design standards for primary and secondary schools in recent years,and generates research models.Through refined simulations on dynamic meteorological parameter models of 11 lighting/shading strategies in 7 representative cities,182,120,400 simulation data were obtained,and the"proportion of bad utilisation time"index of daylight for each column of desks was proposed.A balance between the game of over-bright desks near the window and over-dark desks at the far window was established,and the advantages and disadvantages of each lighting/shading strategy by region were sorted,the classroom lighting standards were reevaluated,and the ergonomics design direction that evolved from"classroom lighting"to"desk lighting"was proposed.

关 键 词：采光标准 中小学教室 动态气象参数模型 课桌采光 不良利用时间占比 人因工程学 

分 类 号：TU113[建筑科学—建筑理论]