雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物污染指示种及水质评价  

Phytoplankton pollution indicator species and water quality assessment in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo

作　　者：索雨泽 刘洋[1] 刘宇康 王陈 巴桑[1] SUO Yu-ze;LIU Yang;LIU Yu-kang;WANG Chen;BA Sang(Laboratory of Wetland and Catchments Ecology in Tibetan Plateau,Faculty of Natural Sciences,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院青藏高原湿地与流域生态实验室,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2021年第3期26-32,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010694006);国家自然科学基金(21667027)资助。

摘　　要：为了解雅鲁藏布江中上游流域浮游植物污染指示种及其水质评价状况,在雅鲁藏布江中上游流域共设置33个采样点,于2019年7月用浮游生物网(25#,孔径64μm)在各采样点采集水样共33 L,在实验室用活体观察和固定染色相结合的方法鉴定浮游植物,并计算浮游植物污染生物指数,通过去除或保留稀有种或常见种建立“新”群落的方法来分析二者对水环境评价的影响。结果表明:1)在雅鲁藏布江中上游流域共检测出浮游植物污染指示种61种(含变种),属于4门6纲13目21科29属,其中稀有种共39种(属),常见种共8种(属);2)通过计算得出雅鲁藏布江中上游流域污染生物指数的平均值为1.469,表明雅鲁藏布江中上游流域水质为寡污型;3)通过去除或保留浮游植物污染指示种中的稀有种或常见种并利用污染生物指数进行计算可知,污染指示稀有种对水质影响较小,去除或保留后整体水质均属于寡污型,污染指示常见种对水质影响较大,去除常见种后整体属于寡污-β-中污型水体,保留常见种后整体上属于寡污型水体。由此可见,雅鲁藏布江中上游流域水环境整体为寡污型。研究结果可为雅鲁藏布江中上游流域水质评价提供科学参考依据。In order to understand the Phytoplankton pollution indicator species and water quality of the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo,33 sampling points were set up in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo.A total of 33 litres of phytoplankton samples were collected at each sampling site in July 2019 using 25#standard plankton net.The methods of microscopic observation in vivo and fixed-staining were applied for identification of phytoplankton species and the saprobic index was calculated in the laboratory.The effects of rare species or common species on water environmental assessment were analyzed by removing or retaining rare species or common species establishing“new”community.The results showed that:1)61 species(species and variety species)of phytoplankton pollution indicator species were detected in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo,belonging to 4 phyla,6 classes,13 orders,21 families and 29 genera.There are 39 rare species(genera)and 8 common species(genera);2)the average value of saprobic index in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo is 1.469,which indicates that the water quality in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo is Os;3)the rare species and common species in phytoplankton pollution indicator species are removed or retained and the saprobic index is used to calculate,which shows that the rare species in phytoplankton pollution indicator species have less impact on water quality,the water quality was Os,while the common species in phytoplankton pollution indicator species have great influence on water quality.After the removal of common species,the water quality was between Os andβm,while after the retained of common species,the water quality was Os.It can be seen that the water environment in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo is Os.The results can provide scientific reference for water quality assessment of the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo.

关 键 词：雅鲁藏布江中上游 浮游植物 污染生物指数 污染指示种 水质评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]