叶面喷锌对两种类型玉米产量、籽粒锌等矿质营养元素含量的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying Zincon Yield and Contents of Zinc and Other Mineral Elements of Two Maize Cultivars

作　　者：蒋曦龙 王澜 乔月彤 李晓靖 薛燕慧 陈利容[1,3] 夏海勇 Jiang Xilong;Wang Lan;Qiao Yuetong;Li Xiaojing;Xue Yanhui;Chen Lirong;Xia Haiyong(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Ecology and Physiology/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize,Jinan 250100,China;College of Resources and Environment Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China;College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,山东济南250100 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250014 [4]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第3期72-78,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300407);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016YL023);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B04)。

摘　　要：探讨叶面喷施不同浓度锌对两种类型玉米产量、锌含量及其他营养元素的影响,为不同类型玉米科学的叶面喷锌技术提供参考。采用大田小区试验法,以不同类型玉米品种郑单958(济南试验点)与京科糯2000(乐陵试验点)为材料,在玉米吐丝期及10天后喷施0、3、6、15、30g/L浓度梯度(Zn0、Zn1、Zn2、Zn3、Zn4)的七水硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O),分析叶面喷锌对两种类型玉米产量、农艺性状、锌及其他营养元素含量的影响。结果表明:(1)叶面喷施适量锌显著增加两品种玉米生物量和产量,明显降低秃尖长,但对百粒重无显著影响,京科糯2000与郑单958叶面喷锌6g/L处理(LZn2、JZn2)较对照分别增产14.28%、8.18%;过量喷锌会抑制玉米生长,京科糯2000与郑单958叶面喷锌30g/L处理(LZn4、JZn4)较对照减产33.57%、42.58%。(2)叶面喷锌显著提高玉米籽粒、秸秆Zn、Fe含量,京科糯2000叶面喷锌15g/L处理(LZn3)与郑单958叶面喷锌6g/L处理(JZn2)籽粒锌含量最高,分别为42.24mg/kg和38.09mg/kg,达到玉米籽粒锌强化目标值。(3)叶面喷锌后显著降低两种类型玉米籽粒Cu含量,对Se、Na、B、P、Mg含量影响不显著。本试验条件下,喷施适量外源锌可促进玉米生长,显著提高郑单958、京科糯2000玉米籽粒产量、籽粒Zn、Fe含量,对改善玉米的营养品质起到较好作用。This paper aimed to discuss the effects of different folar spraying concentrations of zinc fertilizer on yield and contents of zinc and other mineral nutrient elements of two maize cultivars to provide scientific references for scientifically foliar spraying zinc fertilizer of different maize cultivars. In the field plot experiment, different types of maize varieties including Zhengdan 958(Jinan experimental site) and Jingkenuo 2000(Laoling experimental site) were sprayed with 0, 3, 6, 15, 30 g/L ZnSO4·7 H2O(Zn0,Zn1,Zn2,Zn3,Zn4) at silking stage and its 10-day later to analyze the effects of zinc fertilizer on the yield, agronomic traits, contents of zinc and other nutrient elements of the two maize cultivars. The results showed that application of zinc fertilizer significantly increased the biomass and yield, decreased the bald length, and not greatly affected on the hundred-grain weight. Compared with the control, the yield of LZn2 and JZn2 increased by 14.28% and 8.18%, respectively, while that of LZn4 and JZn4 decreased by 33.57% and 42.58%, respectively. Foliar spraying zinc significantly increased Zn and Fe contents in corn grain and straw. The zinc content in grains of the two maize varieties were the highest under the LZn3 and JZn2 treatments as 42.24 mg/kg and 38.09 mg/kg, which reached the target value of zinc biofortification. With the increase of zinc fertilizer concentration, the Cu content in grains of the two maize varieties was significantly decreased, and had no significantly effect on the contents of Se, Na, B, P and Mg. In this experiment conditions, spraying appropriate amount of exogenous zinc fertilizer could significantly increase the grain yield, zinc and iron contents of Zhengdan 958 and Jingkenuo 2000, which played a good role in improving the nutrient quality of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 叶面喷锌 产量 农艺性状 营养元素含量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S143.72