基于实际数据地震属性的观测系统评价方法  

A survey evaluation method based on seismic attributes

作　　者：许银坡 白志宏 潘英杰 倪宇东 邹雪峰 伊鸿斌 刘丽丽 XU Yinpo;BAI Zhihong;PAN Yingjie;NI Yudong;ZOU Xuefeng;YI Hongbin;LIU Lili(BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou 072751,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油东方地球物理公司,涿州072751

出　　处：《物探化探计算技术》2021年第2期161-170,共10页Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05024001003);西南石油大学青年科技创新团队基金项目(2017CXTD08)。

摘　　要：目前的观测系统优化设计方法主要以理论的CMP面元属性分析为主,按照炮检距、覆盖次数、方位角等的分布均匀性进行分析,以CRP面元属性分析、地震照明分析、叠前分析作为辅助性分析手段,但这些方法无法对复杂构造区不同类型观测系统的实际地震资料成像能力进行分析。基于此,这里提出了基于实际地震数据驱动的观测系统评价方法:首先从工区早期采集的实际地震资料中,选取能代表工区每个区块特征的炮集或共成像点道集;然后在选取的地震记录上用时窗选定需要分析的地震波,计算每一道在选定时窗内的地震属性值并进行预处理,建立不同炮检距与分析的地震波的能量、频率、信噪比等属性值的关系曲线(量板);其次利用关系曲线量板,求取设计的观测系统每个共成像点的地震属性值;最后通过地震共成像点属性值分布的标准方差确定合理的观测系统。实际应用表明,提出的新方法在观测系统设计分析过程中充分与探区以往地震数据相融合,实现了对采集参数的精细设计与优化,提高采集参数和设计方案的科学性、合理性和针对性,为面向目标勘探、油藏开发的二次和三次地震资料采集提供技术支撑和分析工具。At present,the optimal design method of survey is mainly used the theoretical CMP surface attribute analysis.The processes of the distribution uniformity of offset,coverage and azimuth Angle are analyzed.CRP surface attribute analysis,seismic illumination analysis and prestack analysis are used as auxiliary analysis methods.It is impossible to analyze the actual seismic data imaging capability of different types of survey in complex tectonic areas.Based on the above analysis,the survey evaluation using actual data-driven seismic attributes is put forward,Firstly,we select shots or common image point gathers to represent the seismic exploration area main features from the old seismic data.Secondly,the seismic waves are selected with time window in the old seismic data,including calculation each trace seismic attribute value in the selected time window and filtering.The seismic attributes were obtained to fit formula to construct curve(plate)of seismic wave energy,requency,SNR and other attribute values versus offset.Thirdly,all bins seismic attribute value can be computed by plate.Finally make use of the standard deviation to select the reasonable survey.In this paper,the method is fully integrated with the old seismic data of the exploration area in the process of the analysis of the bin attribute of the survey to realize the fine design and optimization of the survey parameters,improve the scientificity,rationality and pertinence of the design scheme,to improve the exploration accuracy of the new acquisition items,and then to provide technical support and analysis tools for the second and multiple seismic data acquisition for target exploration and reservoir development.

关 键 词：观测系统 地震波 共成像点 地震属性 标准方差 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]