文徵明对门人书画作伪的态度及其影响  

Wen Zhengming′s attitude towards forgery of his disciples and its influence

作　　者：陶小军 TAO Xiao-jun

机构地区：[1]上海戏剧学院创意学院,上海200040

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期126-130,148,共6页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国美术史学史研究”(19ZD19);上海市高峰高原学科建设计划项目;江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目“民国书画市场研究”(2017SJB0371)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明代中后期,在商品经济的刺激和社会“尚雅”风气的带动下,书画消费成为社会流行风尚。文徵明以其德望、文学成就,成为吴中地区书画与鉴藏活动的引领者,主导吴中地区风雅之好三十余年。在慕名尚奇风气引导之下,书画的消费需求激增,而文人书画名家的创作难以适从广大的消费需求,代笔应运而行,并进而发展为作伪。文徵明面对广泛的书画市场需求以及社交应酬时,不可避免地托人代笔以应时需,甚至对代笔、作伪行为持默认、鼓励、纵容的态度。随着文人的经济意识萌动,其门人弟子在默许的情况下极力模仿文徵明的书画风格、韵味,以迎合市场,致使书画风格趋于雷同,技法上难以得到变革、创新,最终导致了吴中地区书画创作模式僵化,总体上渐而衰弱。In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,driven by commodity economy and the trend of pursuing elegance or shangya,connoisseurship of calligraphy and painting works was in vogue.Wen Zhengming,with his moral prestige and artistic achievements,became the guru of painting and calligraphy connoisseurship in the Wuzhong region,leading the artistic trend of the region for more than thirty years.Because of public curiosity and pursuit of masterpieces,the demand for painting and calligraphy increased dramatically.However,it was not easy for the literati at the moment to meet the growing demand,which gave rise to ghostwriting and forgery.Overwhelmed by market demand and a busy social life,Wen Zhengming inevitably asked others to write on his behalf,and even acquiesced to,encouraged,and condoned this practice.With literati′s rising business awareness,Wen Zhengming′s disciples tried their best to imitate his style and artistic taste with Wen′s acquiescence to please the market.As a result,calligraphy and painting in Wuzhong fell into decline due to unchecked forgery that led to homogeneity in style and techniques and stagnant innovation.

关 键 词：文徵明 代笔 作伪 书画市场 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] J212-29[历史地理—中国史]